National Falange

National Falange

Falange Nacional
National Falange Falange Nacional
Founded	13 October 1935
Dissolved	28 July 1957
Split from	Conservative Party
Merged into	Christian Democratic Party
Headquarters	Santiago de Chile
Ideology	Catholic social teaching; Progressive Christianity
Political position	Centre
	Politics of Chile; Political parties; Elections;

The National Falange^[1]^[4]^[5] (Spanish: Falange Nacional, FN) was a Chilean Christian political party that existed between 1935 and 1957. It was the basis of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC); still it is customary to use the expressions "Falange" and "Falangista" to refer to members and activities of the Christian Democrats and the same party, respectively.^{[citation needed]}

History

In 1935 a group of younger social-Christians split from the Conservative Party to form the National Falange. Despite its name this group was largely made up of progressive and reformist^[6] Catholics, and bore little resemblance to Spanish Falangism. In its early years it imitated elements of fascist movements with some of its members wearing uniforms and undergoing paramilitary training.^[7] With its progressive economic program (creating an alternative to capitalism, "redeeming" the proletariat) it was in open conflict with the Catholic high clergy^[8] who accused it of disrespecting the Church's leadership and siding with communists.^[9] Despite its aim to be a centrist alternative to the left and the right, and relatively great public attention, it never received more than 4 percent of the votes.^[8] Later it supported the administration of Juan Antonio Ríos (1942–46) and in 1957 merged with the Social Christian Conservative Party into the Christian Democratic Party.^[10] One of its former members, Eduardo Frei Montalva, became President of Chile in 1964. Other notable members include Radomiro Tomic and Bernardo Leighton.^[3]

Presidential candidates

The following is a list of the presidential candidates supported by the National Falange. (Information gathered from the Archive of Chilean Elections).

1942: Juan Antonio Ríos (won)
1946: Eduardo Cruz-Coke (lost)
1952: Pedro Alfonso (lost)

References

^ ^a ^b Hawkins, Kirk A. (2003). Sowing Ideas: Explaining the Origins of Christian Democratic Parties in Latin America. Stanford University Press. p. 103. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ Hartlyn, Jonathan; Valenzuela, Arturo. Democracy in Latin America since 1930. The Cambridge History of Latin America. p. 124.
^ ^a ^b Ensalaco, Mark (2000). Chile Under Pinochet: Recovering the Truth. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 13.
^ Rector, John L. (2003). The History of Chile. Greenwood Press. p. 144.
^ Luna, Juan Pablo; Monestier, Felipe; Rosenblatt, Fernando (2014). Religious parties in Chile: The Christian Democratic Party and the Independent Democratic Union. Routledge. p. 122. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ Smith, Brian H. (1982). The Church and Politics in Chile: Challenges to Modern Catholicism. Princeton University Press. p. 95.
^ Fleet, Michael (1985). The Rise and Fall of Chilean Christian Democracy. Princeton University Press. p. 47.
^ ^a ^b Fleet, Michael (1985). The Rise and Fall of Chilean Christian Democracy. Princeton University Press. p. 48.
^ Smith, Brian H. (1982). The Church and Politics in Chile: Challenges to Modern Catholicism. Princeton University Press. p. 97.
^ A. Hennessy, 'Fascism and Populism in Latin America', W. Laqueur, Fascism: A Reader's Guide, Harmondsworth: Pelican, 1979, p. 288