Nathan Cooper Gristmill

Nathan Cooper Gristmill
Nathan Cooper Gristmil in 2019
Nathan Cooper Gristmill is located in Morris County, New Jersey
Nathan Cooper Gristmill
Nathan Cooper Gristmill is located in New Jersey
Nathan Cooper Gristmill
Nathan Cooper Gristmill is located in the United States
Nathan Cooper Gristmill
Location66 NJ Route 24
Chester Township, New Jersey
Coordinates40°46′44″N 74°43′16″W / 40.77889°N 74.72111°W / 40.77889; -74.72111 (Nathan Cooper Gristmill)
Area1 acre (0.40 ha)
Built1826 (1826)
NRHP reference No.76001174[1]
NJRHP No.2101[2]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPNovember 21, 1976
Designated NJRHPNovember 25, 1975

The Nathan Cooper Gristmill is a historic gristmill on the Black River located at 66 NJ Route 24 in Chester Township, Morris County, New Jersey.[3] It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1976 for its significance in industry.[4]

Since 1973, the Morris County Park Commission has owned and operated the mill and its 14 surrounding acres as a historic site.[3]

History

18th century

Circa the 1760s, county judge Isaiah Younglove[5] constructed a no-longer-extant mill on the Black River.[6] Younglove's mill began flour milling production on the site. Images of America: Chester claims Younglove's mill burned down in an unspecified year,[5] while the Morris County Park Commission describes his endeavor as having shut down in 1788.[3] The mill then went through several owners before 1825. The last owner prior to the Coopers was Elias Howell.[7]

19th century heyday

In 1825, retired general Nathan Cooper (1751–1834) purchased the 4.5 acres of land for $750.[3][8] This included "a milldam, sawmill, an old gristmill, and [a wooden] water wheel."[9] This was an addition to his wealth, as he too had the ownership of over 1600 acres of land[10] including multiple mines under Cooper, Hewitt, & Co.[11]

The following year, Cooper rebuilt the mill, constructing a four-story random fieldstone gristmill to replace the 1760s structure.[3][9][12] The new building employed the use of "four sets of millstones connected by elevators to grain cleaners and flour sifters." These incorporated the designs of American inventor Oliver Evans.[13] The mill could grind up to 10 tons per day of wheat, corn, and other grains.[3] Also in 1826, Nathan Cooper gave the property to his adult nephew, Nathan A. Cooper, who had become a NJ cavalry general 2 years before.[9]

In 1827 and 1829, Nathan Cooper "raised the height of the dam as it stood."[8]

Nathan A. Cooper commissioned a house to be constructed nearby for his son, Abram W. Cooper (1848–1933) as a wedding present.[14][9]

In the 1870s, the Coopers installed modern turbines to replace the original wooden waterwheels.[3]

Upon Nathan A. Cooper's 1879 death, Abram W. Cooper (one of his nine children) inherited ownership of the mill.[9] Abram W. Cooper was described contemporaneously as a man whose "life had been quiet and uneventful, but upright and honorable...devoted to his business interests and the requirements of citizenship."[15]

Later, Nathan A. Cooper (1802–1879) inherited this mill when his uncle Nathan died.[16]

In the 1880s, Milltown experienced bustling economic success, and the Cooper mill "played a key role in the community and the region's industrial development." The mill shared Main Street with "a blacksmith shop, a general store, a tavern...and the Mountain Spring Distillery, a cider mill." The Coopers used their growing wealth to build family mansions in nearby Chester.[17]

The mill continued to grind grain into flour until 1913.[9]

20th century

On January 31, 1913, the Milltown general store across the street burned down in a fire. The same year, the mill ceased to operate.[9] In an unknown year, the Old Mill Tavern pub was built atop the site of the Milltown general store.[5]

Museum conversion

In 1973, the Morris County Park Commission acquired the mill.[3] After the acquisition, the mill was restored[12] and Abram Cooper's home was converted into a Visitors' Center.[9] The site opened to the public in October 1978.[3] Visitors of the mill museum take home "stone-ground flour and cornmeal produced at the Gristmill."[3]

After its acquisition in 1973, the Morris County Park Commission converted the Abram Cooper home into a Visitors' Center.[9] The mill has since been kept in operating condition, being preserved as it was in the 1880s "with some updates" including the addition of electricity and a new water wheel.[6] Its current wheel is an "all-steel-Fitz Company waterwheel"[3] from 1927.[6]

During Hurricane Irene in 2011, multiple local rivers flooded including the Black River. However, the mill was left undamaged due to its strategic elevated placement to avoid flooding, a feature of most historic mills.[6]

In 2010, it was New Jersey's only restored water-powered mill.[18] This claim was falsified by the 2020 restoration of the Red Mill in Clinton, New Jersey.[19]

The Friends of Fosterfields and Cooper Gristmill, a non-profit organization, contributes money and expertise to run the mill.[20] It is open April through October and offers several educational programs and summer camps.[6]

  • Steel water wheel
    Steel water wheel
  • View along the mill race
    View along the mill race
  • Morris County historical information
    Morris County historical information
  • Visitors' center
    Visitors' center

See also

References

  1. ^ "National Register Information System – (#76001174)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013.
  2. ^ "New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places - Morris County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection - Historic Preservation Office. December 28, 2020. p. 3.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Cooper Gristmill". Morris County Park Commission.
  4. ^ Kostrub, Nanci (November 21, 1976). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Nathan Cooper Gristmill". National Park Service. With accompanying photo from 1976
  5. ^ a b c Case, Joan S. (1998). Chester. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-5468-6.
  6. ^ a b c d e Collections (2014-03-18). Collections Vol 10 N1. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-4422-6788-6.
  7. ^ National Register of Historic Places form - Cooper Gristmill, 1974.
  8. ^ a b Zabriskie, C. (1866). "Cooper v. Carlisle, 17 N.J. Eq. 525". cite.case.law. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Weber, Gioia. "Milltown Area". Chester Historical Society.
  10. ^ A History of Morris County, New Jersey: Embracing Upwards of Two Centuries, 1710-1913 ... Lewis Historical Publishing Company. 1914. p. 178.
  11. ^ NJDEP - NJGS - Annual Report of the State Geologist for the year 1880
  12. ^ a b Rosenfeld, Lucy D.; Harrison, Marina (2006). History Walks in New Jersey: Exploring the Heritage of the Garden State. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-3969-0.
  13. ^ Goodspeed, Diane (2005). Family-Friendly Biking in New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-3574-6.
  14. ^ "Fall Foliage Tours in New Jersey". www.njskylands.com. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
  15. ^ "Abram W. Cooper". Biographical and Genealogical History of Morris County, N.J. Lewis Publishing Company. 1899.
  16. ^ Greenidge, Frances (1974). "Nathan A. Cooper". Chester, New Jersey: A Scrapbook of History. Chester, New Jersey: Chester Historical Society. pp. 52–3.
  17. ^ "Milltown - A 19th Century Village Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
  18. ^ Cantele, Andi Marie; Kaplan, Mitch (2010-03-01). Explorer's Guide New Jersey (Second ed.). The Countryman Press. ISBN 978-1-58157-904-8.
  19. ^ NJ.com, Caroline Fassett | NJ Advance Media for (2020-09-09). "After a 3-year break, the big wheel at the Red Mill will keep on turning". nj. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  20. ^ "Friends of Fosterfields and Cooper Gristmill".
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