NGC 922

NGC 922
NGC 922
NGC 922 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationFornax
Right ascension02h 25m 04.4634s[1]
Declination−24° 47′ 16.798″[1]
Redshift0.010314±0.000020[2]
Heliocentric radial velocity3,075 km/s[3]
Distance142 Mly (43.4 Mpc)[4]
Apparent magnitude (V)12.21[5]
Characteristics
TypeSB(s)cd pec[2]
Mass5.47×109 M☉[6] M☉
Size~64,500 ly (19.77 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Apparent size (V)2′.0 × 1′.7[7]
Other designations
AM 0222-250, PSCz Q02228-2500, DUGRS 478-001, ESO 478-28, GSC 06433-00965, IRAS 02228-2500, UGCA 30, MCG -04-06-037, PGC 9172[5]

NGC 922 is a peculiar galaxy in the southern constellation of Fornax. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 2879 ± 15 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 138.5 ± 9.7 Mly (42.46 ± 2.98 Mpc).[1] Additionally, 17 non-redshift measurements give a distance of 138.88 ± 7.47 Mly (42.582 ± 2.291 Mpc).[8] It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 17 November 1784.[9]

NGC 922 is one of the nearest known collisional galaxies.[10] This object was described by the Herschels as "considerably faint, pretty large, round, gradually pretty much brighter middle."[7] The general form is described by the morphological classification of SB(s)cd pec,[2] which indicates a peculiar (pec) barred spiral galaxy (SB) with no inner ring system around the bar (s) and loosely-wound spiral arms (cd).

NGC 922 imaged by the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory

This object was originally described as a dust-obscured grand-design galaxy – a term used to indicate a type of spiral galaxy with prominent and well-defined spiral arms. However, observation of its features suggests it has undergone a merger with a gas-rich dwarf galaxy.[11] This has resulted in a distinctive C-shaped ring of H-alpha emission.[12] About 104 kpc away from NGC 922, there is a dwarf galaxy called S2 that was once thought to have been responsible for NGC 922's structure.[6] A stellar plume is seen extending from the galaxy in the direction of S2,[6] located about 8′ away.[10] However, the stellar plume is not connected to S2, and S2 also has it own tidal structure, which would not be possible if it had already "punched" through NGC 922.[11]

The main galaxy has a stellar mass estimated 5.47 billion times the mass of the Sun (solar mass), while the dwarf companion has 28.2 million solar masses. The net mass of NGC 922 is estimated as 75 billion solar masses within a radius of 13.4 kpc, with 72% being in the form of dark matter and 20% as neutral hydrogen.[6] It is a starburst galaxy,[12] and the collision has resulted in star formation at the rate of 7–8 M☉·yr−1. New star clusters have been formed in the ring or bar with a mean age of 16 million years, whereas older clusters of 50 million years or more are predominantly found in the nuclear region. The tidal plume pointing toward the companion mainly consists of much older stars, indicating not much new star formation has taken place in that feature.[10]

Supernovae

Three supernovae have been observed in NGC 922:

  • SN 2002gw (type II, mag. 17.3) was discovered by Takao Doi and Berto Monard on 13 October 2002.[13][14]
  • SN 2008ho (type II-P, mag. 16.5) was discovered by CHASE (CHilean Automatic Supernovas sEarch) on 26 November 2008.[15][16]
  • SN 2024fa (type II, mag. 17.98) was discovered by The Young Supernova Experiment (YSE) on 3 January 2024.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Results for object NGC 0922". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. NASA and Caltech. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  2. ^ a b c De Vaucouleurs, Gerard; De Vaucouleurs, Antoinette; Corwin, Herold G., Jr.; Buta, Ronald J.; Paturel, Georges; Fouque, Pascal (1991). Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies. Bibcode:1991rc3..book.....D.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Jones, D. Heath; et al. (October 2009), "The 6dF Galaxy Survey: final redshift release (DR3) and southern large-scale structures", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 399 (2): 683–698, arXiv:0903.5451, Bibcode:2009MNRAS.399..683J, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15338.x, S2CID 119223679
  4. ^ Mould, Jeremy R.; et al. (2000). "The Hubble Space Telescope Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. XXVIII. Combining the Constraints on the Hubble Constant". The Astrophysical Journal. 529 (2): 786–794. arXiv:astro-ph/9909260. Bibcode:2000ApJ...529..786M. doi:10.1086/308304. S2CID 197531313.
  5. ^ a b "NGC 922". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  6. ^ a b c d Wong, O. I.; et al. (August 2006). "NGC922 - a new drop-through ring galaxy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 370 (4): 1607–1611. arXiv:astro-ph/0605613. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.370.1607W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10589.x. S2CID 64255023.
  7. ^ a b Aranda, Ted (2011). 3,000 Deep-Sky Objects: An Annotated Catalogue. The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 89. ISBN 9781441994196.
  8. ^ "Distance Results for NGC 0922". NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE. NASA. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  9. ^ Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue Objects: NGC 922". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  10. ^ a b c Pellerin, Anne; et al. (April 2010). "The Star Cluster Population of the Collisional Ring Galaxy NGC 922". The Astronomical Journal. 139 (4): 1369–1382. arXiv:1002.0009. Bibcode:2010AJ....139.1369P. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/139/4/1369. S2CID 119201440.
  11. ^ a b Martínez-Delgado, David; Roca-Fàbrega, Santi; Miró-Carretero, Juan; Gómez-Flechoso, Maria Angeles; Romàn, Javier; Donatiello, Giuseppe; Schmidt, Judy; Lang, Dustin; Akhlaghi, Mohammad; Hanson, Mark (2023). "A giant umbrella-like stellar stream around the tidal ring galaxy NGC 922". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 669: A103. arXiv:2209.01583. Bibcode:2023A&A...669A.103M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244832. S2CID 252090241.
  12. ^ a b Prestwich, A. H.; et al. (March 2012). "Chandra Observations of the Collisional Ring Galaxy NGC 922". The Astrophysical Journal. 747 (2): 6. arXiv:1212.1124. Bibcode:2012ApJ...747..150P. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/747/2/150. S2CID 51365722. 150.
  13. ^ Monard, L. A. G. (2002). "Supernova 2002gw in NGC 922". International Astronomical Union Circular. 7995: 2. Bibcode:2002IAUC.7995....2M.
  14. ^ "SN 2002gw". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  15. ^ Pignata, G.; Maza, J.; Hamuy, M.; Antezana, R.; Gonzalez, L.; Gonzalez, P.; Lopez, P.; Silva, S.; Folatelli, G.; Iturra, D.; Cartier, R.; Forster, F.; Conuel, B.; Reichart, D.; Ivarsen, K.; Crain, A.; Foster, D.; Nysewander, M.; Lacluyze, A. (2008). "Supernova 2008ho in NGC 922". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. 1587: 1. Bibcode:2008CBET.1587....1P.
  16. ^ "SN 2008ho". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  17. ^ "SN 2024fa". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  • Media related to NGC 922 at Wikimedia Commons