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Murder of Nick Corwin
Nicholas Brent Corwin (1980–1988) was an eight-year-old boy who was shot and killed by Laurie Dann, inside an elementary school in Winnetka, Illinois, United States, on May 20, 1988. Dann also shot several other students, all of whom survived, then took a family hostage and set a fire in their house before committing suicide. Earlier that day, Dann had tried to poison several acquaintances and set fires in a school and a daycare. People involved Nick CorwinNick Corwin was born on April 9, 1980, to Joel and Linda Corwin in Chicago, Illinois. In school, he was a student athlete known for his sportsmanship and skill.[1] His name has since been attached to a popular soccer field and playground in Winnetka, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.[2] According to a report in People magazine, 1,500 people attended Corwin's funeral.[3] Shortly after his death, playing on the meaning of his name (“giver of gifts”) his friends and schoolmates created a book, The Gifts that Nicholas Gave.[4] Following Corwin's death, Winnetka passed a handgun ban, which stood until D.C. vs Heller and subsequent NRA lawsuits.[5] Corwin is interred at Memorial Park Cemetery in Skokie, Illinois.[6] Laurie DannEarly lifeLaurie Dann was born Laurie Wasserman on October 18, 1957, and grew up in Glencoe, Illinois, a north suburb of Chicago. She was the daughter of Edith Joy and her husband, accountant Norman Wasserman. The family were Jewish and she had one older brother.[7][8][9] Laurie was described as shy and had trouble socializing; in childhood she displayed signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder but they seemingly disappeared when she started adolescence. In high school she had a couple of short-term romantic relationships. The Wassermans vacationed in Hawaii over the 1973 holiday season during which time Laurie met Barry Gallup, a year older than her and also from the Chicago area. They continued seeing each other after going home to Illinois but Barry graduated high school the following spring, went to college, and broke off the relationship. The Wassermans moved to a different neighborhood in 1974 and Laurie would attend a different high school for her senior year. During a summer trip to Aspen, Colorado, she met another boy her age named Wade Keats, also from the Chicago area, and they continued seeing each other afterwards but broke it off in two months. Laurie pursued several brief relationships for the rest of her senior year and also got plastic surgery to reduce the size of her nose.[7][8] She graduated from Winnetka's New Trier High School in 1975, and despite poor grades was able to attend Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa.[8] When her academic record improved, Dann transferred to the University of Arizona with the goal of becoming a teacher, although she was rather non-serious about it and reportedly told an acquaintance that she really just wanted to find a husband. She dated a pre-med student named Steve Witt, but Steve, who was working towards becoming a doctor, believed his education took priority over his love life and so he did not give Laurie the attention she felt was owed. Eventually he was accepted for a residency in an Arizona hospital and informed Laurie that he was ending the relationship.[8] In the summer of 1977, Dann attended the University of Wisconsin in Madison, taking a course in home economics.[9] After her relationship failed in 1980, Dann moved back to her parents' home. She then transferred to Northwestern University to complete her degree, but dropped out of all her classes and never graduated.[7][8] Marriage and divorce Laurie began working as a cocktail waitress at Green Acres, an exclusively Jewish country club, and it was here that she met Russell Dann, a 25 year old insurance salesman for his parents' insurance firm, and told him a series of exaggerated claims about herself, including that she was a graduate student at Northwestern University and working towards a career in hospital administration. She also claimed to have previously worked for Dann Brothers Insurance and that she possessed an accounting degree from the University of Arizona. They dated for nine months before tying the knot at the Green Acres club on September 11, 1982 and honeymooned in the British Virgin Islands. However, the marriage quickly soured as Russell's family noted signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and strange behavior from his wife,[7] including leaving trash around the house. She also got fired from jobs several times, claiming to her husband that she either quit voluntarily or was fired for reasons outside her control. Russell's family also took a disliking to Laurie, considering her childish and anti-social. Once at a family gathering she served a dish of rotting potatoes.[8] Dann saw a psychiatrist for a short period, who identified her childhood and upbringing as a cause of her problems. She quit therapy after three months and although Russell eventually talked her into returning to it, she didn't take the whole thing seriously.[8] Russell attended one of her therapy sessions in September 1985, shortly after their third anniversary, and found that she'd never really told her therapist about her problems. His family was pressuring him to dump her but he continued to resist and hope things would work out. Russell bought Laurie a gift of a pink sweatsuit and a bouquet of flowers, but she carried the flowers around with her even after they wilted and died, and refused to take off the sweatsuit for fear that Russell would leave her if she did. In October, he announced he was parting ways with her. Laurie moved back in with her parents and her mental problems escalated.[7] The divorce negotiations were acrimonious, with Dann claiming that Russell was abusive, and telling him if she couldn't have him, nobody could. Over the following months, police were called to investigate various incidents involving Dann, including several harassing phone calls made to Russell and his family.[8] In April 1986, Dann accused Russell of breaking into and vandalizing her parents' house, where she was then living. On May 5, she purchased a Smith & Wesson Model 19 .357 Magnum, telling the salesman that she needed it for self-defense. She filled out all the registration work and received the gun three days later. Since Laurie did not have a criminal record, she was able to legally obtain a firearm but police were concerned and unsuccessfully tried to persuade Dann and her family that she should give it up. During June, Dann was in the process of divorce negotiations with Russell in which her father Norm demanded a $100,000 lump settlement with $20,000 monthly alimony payments for ten years. Although Russell was financially well-off, Laurie had no need of this kind of support and his lawyers demanded a copy of her college records to prove she was able to financially support herself. After obtaining them, they found out that she never graduated and had never been a research assistant.[7] In August 1986, Dann contacted her ex-boyfriend Steve Witt, who was by then a resident at a New York hospital and now married to a different woman, and claimed to have had his child. As he had not seen Laurie in five years he dismissed her claim as unbelieveable, Dann called the hospital where he worked and claimed her ex-boyfriend had raped her in the emergency room.[8][10] In September 1986, Russell accused Dann of stabbing him in his sleep with an icepick, barely missing his heart, despite not having seen his attacker. Police decided not to press charges based on a medical report which suggested that the injury might have been self-inflicted, as well as Russell's abrasive attitude towards investigators and a failed polygraph test.[7][8] Russell and his family continued to receive harassing phone calls, and Dann was arrested for calls made to Russell's sister. The charges were dropped due to lack of evidence.[8] In February 1987, Laurie and Russell agreed to split the profit from selling their house, $10,000 for legal fees, and $1,250 a month for three years. Just before their divorce was finalized in April, Dann accused Russell of raping her. There were no physical signs supporting Laurie's claim, although she passed two polygraph tests.[8] In May, Dann accused Russell of placing an incendiary device in her home. She showed police an un-exploded Molotov cocktail she said was placed in her house and a lit candle had been set up to activate its fuse. She also said a window screen was cut out. Police failed to find anything incriminating in Russell's car.[7] No charges were filed against him for either incident. Dann's parents believed her claims and supported her throughout. By this time, she was being treated by another psychiatrist for OCD and a "chemical imbalance"; the psychiatrist told police that he did not think Laurie was suicidal or homicidal.[8] Final yearDuring this time Dann began working as a babysitter and placed advertisements around the neighborhood for her services. Some clients thought well of her.[10] However, others made complaints to police about damage to their furniture and the theft of food and clothes. Despite these complaints, no charges were filed. Dann's father paid for damages in one case.[8] In the summer of 1987, Dann sublet a university apartment in Evanston, Illinois. Once again, her strange behavior was noted, including riding up and down in elevators for hours, wearing rubber gloves to touch metal and leaving meat to rot in sofa cushions. She took no classes at the university. That autumn, Dann claimed she had received threatening letters from Russell and that he had sexually assaulted her in a parking lot, but police did not believe her claims. A few weeks later, she purchased a .32-caliber Smith & Wesson Model 30-1 revolver.[7] With her mental condition deteriorating, Dann and her family sought specialized help. In January 1988 she moved back to Wisconsin to live in a student residence while being observed by a psychiatrist who specialized in OCD. She had already begun taking clomipramine, a drug for OCD, and her new psychiatrist increased the dosage, adding lithium carbonate to reduce her mood swings and initiating behavioral therapy to work on her phobias and ritualistic behaviors.[8] Despite the intervention, Dann's strange behavior continued, including riding elevators for long periods, changing television channels repetitively and an obsession with "good" and "bad" numbers. She gained a reputation on campus as "the psycho elevator lady." There were also concerns about whether Dann was bulimic. Dann purchased a .22-caliber Beretta 21A Bobcat at the end of December 1987. In March 1988, she stopped attending her appointments with the psychiatrist and behavior therapist. [8] At the same time, Dann began to make preparations for the attacks. She stole library books on poisons, and diluted arsenic and other chemicals from a lab. She also shoplifted clothes and wigs to disguise herself and was arrested for theft on one occasion. Both her psychiatrist and her father tried to persuade Dann to enter the hospital as an inpatient, but she refused.[8] Dann continued to make numerous hang-up phone calls to her former in-laws and babysitting clients. Eventually, the calls escalated to death threats, telling her babysitting clients that their children were going to die and eventually called Steve Witt down in Arizona and threatened him as well. However, some victims of her phone calls were chosen at random and had no connection to her at all. Once Dunn called the family of a boy who'd won a spelling bee and told them she would kill their son. In May 1988, a letter, later confirmed to have been sent by Dann, was sent to the hospital administration where her ex-boyfriend worked, again accusing him of sexual assault. Assistant US Attorney Janet Johnson considered charging Dann with making threatening interstate phone calls. Johnson said she'd been in the legal profession a long time and still found the taped calls "frightening to listen to." Police were unable to convince Norman Wasserman to hand over his daughter's guns. However, Steve Witt, fearful of publicity,[7] and concerned about Dann getting bail and then attempting to fulfill her death threats, decided to wait until other charges were filed in Illinois.[8][10][11] That same month, a janitor found Dann lying in the fetal position inside a garbage bag in a trash room. This precipitated a search of her room and her departure back to Glencoe. FBI agents arrived to question Dann about the threatening phone calls to Arizona but found that she was gone. Since the case was considered a low-priority one, they didn't bother pursuing it further.[7][8][11] AttacksDuring the days before May 20, 1988, Dann prepared rice cereal snacks and juice boxes poisoned with the diluted arsenic she had stolen in Wisconsin. She mailed them to a former acquaintance, ex-babysitting clients, her psychiatrist, her ex-husband and others. In the early morning hours of May 20, she personally delivered snacks and juice "samples" to some of the intended recipients.[7][8] Other snacks were delivered to Alpha Tau Omega, Psi Upsilon and Kappa Sigma fraternity houses and Leverone Hall at Northwestern University.[7][8] Notes were attached to some of the deliveries.[a][14][12] The drinks were often leaking and the squares unpleasant-tasting, so few were actually consumed. In addition, the arsenic was highly diluted so nobody became seriously ill.[7] At about 9am, Dann arrived at the home of the Rushe family, former babysitting clients in Winnetka, to pick up their two youngest children. The day before, she'd offered to resume babysitting their sons but were told that that wasn't necessary and they were going to move to New York shortly, but Laurie managed to talk them into letting her take the boys to a fair.[8] Instead of taking the children on the promised outing, she took them to Ravinia Elementary School in Highland Park, where she erroneously believed that both of her former sister-in-law's two sons were enrolled (in fact, one of Dann's intended targets was not even a student at the school). She left the two children in the car while she entered the school and tried to detonate an incendiary device in one of the corridors. After her departure, the small fire caused by the device was subsequently discovered by students and quickly extinguished by a teacher. Dann drove to a Jewish daycare center attended by her ex-sister-in-law's daughter and tried to enter the building with a plastic can of gasoline but was stopped by staff. Dann next drove the children back to their home and offered them some arsenic-poisoned milk, but the boys spat it out because they found the taste strange. Once inside the house, Dann lured the children downstairs and used gasoline to set fire to the house, trapping them and their mother in the basement, though they managed to escape.[7][8][13] Dann drove three and a half blocks away to the Hubbard Woods Elementary School, armed with three handguns. It is speculated that she was out to get the Rushes' two older children but they were on a field trip that day. She wandered into a second-grade classroom for a short while, then left. Finding a boy in the hallway, six year old Robert Tressmann, Dann pushed him into the boys' washroom and shot him in the chest with her Beretta pistol. Her Smith & Wesson revolver jammed when she tried to fire at two other boys, and she threw the weapon into the trash along with its spare ammunition. The boys fled the washroom and alerted staff.[7] Dann then reentered the second-grade classroom, where students were working in groups on a bicycle safety test. She ordered all the children into the corner of the room. The teacher attempted to disarm Dann, managing to unload the Beretta in the struggle. Dann drew her other Smith & Wesson from the waistband of her shorts and aimed it at several groups of the students. She shot five children, killing Nick Corwin and wounding four others (Mark Tiborec, Peterman Rowe, Lindsay Fisher, and Catherine Miller) before fleeing in her car. She saw a police car coming so turned around and went the other direction.[8] Dann was prevented from leaving the area by car because the roads were closed for a funeral cortege. She decided to drive her car backwards down the nearby street, but took a corner too fast and crashed into a tree. Abandoning the wrecked car, Dann removed her bloodstained shorts and tied a blue garbage bag around her waist. With her two remaining guns she made her way through the woods and came upon the house of the Andrew family. Dann entered the house and met Mrs. Andrew and her twenty-year-old son, Philip, who were in the kitchen. She claimed she had been raped by a man in her car and had shot the rapist in the struggle but police didn't realize this and were after her.[8][15] Taking Dann's story at face value, the Andrews tried to convince her that she need not fear police because she had acted in self-defense.[15] Mrs. Andrew gave Dann a pair of her daughter's pants to wear. While she was putting them on, Philip was able to pick up and pocket Dann's Beretta. At his suggestion, Dann called her mother, telling her she had done something terrible and that the police were involved. Philip took the phone and explained Dann's story about the rape and shooting, suggesting that Dann's mother to come pick her up; Dann's mother said she could not come because she did not have a car. After Mr. Andrew arrived home, and the family began to insist that Dann give up her second gun. When Dann called her mother again, Mr. Andrew spoke with her, asking her to persuade Dann to give up the gun. He described Edith Wasserman as "disinterested" and only remarked that she hoped her daughter would get home safety before hanging up. During this call, Mrs. Andrew left the house and alerted police. Mr. Andrew told Dann that he would not remain in the house if she did not put down the gun and leave. Dann ordered Philip to stay. Just before noon, Dann saw police advancing on the house and shot Philip in the chest. Philip managed to escape out the back door before collapsing and being rescued by first responders. With the house surrounded, Dann went upstairs to a bedroom. Her parents and ex-husband were brought to the house. At about 7pm, an assault team entered the house while Dann's father attempted to get her attention with a bullhorn. The police found her body in the bedroom; she had shot herself in the mouth.[8] Casualties[16]
AftermathCorwin's murder inside an elementary school was among the first to feature prominently in the 24-hour news cycle, mostly revolving around Dann's mental state. Because no other school shooting had received such wide coverage, the murder is sometimes called “the first school shooting.” Since Corwin's murder, a school shooting has been widely reported almost every year. Others noted that the shooting marked an "end of innocence"[17] for the prosperous community along Chicago's North Shore, which had not seen a murder in thirty years. All but one of the victims wounded by Dann recovered from their injuries, including a girl who was shot and suffered severe internal injuries. The victims and their parents received extensive support to help them cope with the psychological after-effects of the attacks.[8][18] Parents and members of the community subsequently devoted many years to campaigning for gun control policy.[8][19] Philip Andrew gave interviews about gun control from his hospital bed, and later became active in local and state gun control organizations as the executive director of the Illinois Council Against Handgun Violence; he subsequently became a lawyer and then an FBI agent.[11][15][20] Dr. Donald Monroe, superintendent of Winnetka School District 36, noted "his 'safe' school" was "not as isolated and insulated as we thought."[21] At the time of the shooting, Hubbard Woods, like many schools, was an open campus, with many doors, such as those to individual classrooms, kept open. After the shooting, a pattern of single-point entry emerged in more schools.[21] The shooting also fueled the debate about criteria for committing mentally people to health facilities against their will. Some favored the involuntary commitment of a person who is determined to be mentally ill and incapable of making informed decisions about treatment; civil libertarians like Benjamin Wolf opposed the idea, saying, "It would be a shame if we cut back on the civil liberties of literally millions of mentally ill people because of the occasional bizarre incident." A book on the tragedy called Murder of Innocence, written by Eric Zorn, was adapted into a made-for-television film. In the film, Dann's name is changed to "Laurie Wade"; she was played by Valerie Bertinelli.[22] Russell Dann helped coach Bertinelli while she was preparing for the role.[23] Search for a rationaleSome blamed Dann's parents for shielding her in spite of the signs of her deteriorating mental health.[11] Investigations were hampered by their refusal to be interviewed by police[11] or to provide access to Dann's psychiatric records, which were eventually obtained by court order. On the night of the shooting, Dann's parents allowed only a very brief search of her bedroom; afterwards, they cleaned the room and removed potential evidence. Norm Wasserman also insisted Laurie's wrecked Toyota be returned to him as it was registered in his name.[7] Police were also criticized for not sealing off the bedroom as a crime scene.[8] Parents of the shooting victims subsequently sued Dann's parents for damages.[7][8] Further criticism was directed at Dann's psychiatrists for failing to identify or take action regarding the signs of her failing mental stability.[11] At the time of her death, Dann was taking clomipramine, an unlicensed drug.[7][24] The drug's effects were initially considered as contributing factors to Dann's mental decline, but ultimately ruled out.[25] Two newspaper clippings were found among Dann's possessions. One described a man who randomly killed two people in a public building. The other described a depressed young man who had attempted to commit suicide in the same way that Dann did; he survived and discovered that his brain injury had cured him of his OCD.[7] One theory of Dann's rationale was that she targeted people who had "disappointed" her in some way: her ex-husband, her former sister-in-law (through the firebombing attempts at her children's schools and daycare), her ex-boyfriend and his wife, the family whose children she had abducted, as well as former friends and babysitting clients.[8] Dann was also briefly investigated as a possible suspect in the Chicago Tylenol murders, but no direct connection was found.[26] In his book The Myth of Male Power, author Warren Farrell suggested that Dann's actions were an example of women's violence against men. He claimed, erroneously, that all of Dann's victims were male, that she had burned down a Young Men's Jewish Council, had burned two boys in a basement, had shot her own son and had justified the murder of Nick Corwin by claiming he was a rapist.[27] Men's rights activists,[28] academics,[29] and the media have repeated Farrell's errors and conclusion.[30][31][32] Farrell later issued a partial correction on his web site.[33][b] Footnotes
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