Mount Vernon Arsenal

Mount Vernon Arsenal-Searcy Hospital Complex
The old barracks building in 1935
Mount Vernon Arsenal is located in Alabama
Mount Vernon Arsenal
Mount Vernon Arsenal is located in the United States
Mount Vernon Arsenal
LocationMobile County, Alabama
Nearest cityMount Vernon, Alabama
Coordinates31°5′16″N 88°1′44″W / 31.08778°N 88.02889°W / 31.08778; -88.02889
Area36 acres (15 ha)
Architectural styleClassical Revival, Greek Revival
NRHP reference No.88000676
Added to NRHPMay 26, 1988
1837 sketch of Mount Vernon Arsenal by John La Tourrette

The Mount Vernon Arsenal is a former United States Army munitions depot (arsenal), was used as a prison for captured Native Americans, and was served as a psychiatric hospital. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Mount Vernon, Alabama. The site is home to the now closed Searcy Hospital. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 26, 1988, as the Mount Vernon Arsenal-Searcy Hospital Complex.[1][2]

History

The Mount Vernon Arsenal was established by the United States Army near the Mobile River, three miles west of Fort Stoddert, and approximately 30 miles inland from the Gulf of Mexico. Along with the Kennebec Arsenal in Augusta, Maine, it is one of the most complete antebellum arsenals surviving to the present day.[3][4][5] Established in 1828 as an ordnance manufacturing base, the Mount Vernon Arsenal served as one of the U.S. Army's main ammunition plants from its inception until the Civil War.[6]

On January 4, 1861, troops of the Alabama state militia took possession of the arsenal on the orders of Alabama governor Andrew B. Moore.[7] The takeover from the small US Army force, commanded by Captain Jesse L. Reno, was peaceful and bloodless. After Alabama joined with other seceded states to form the Confederacy, the Arsenal was turned over to the Confederate Army for the duration of the war. In 1862, after the Battle of New Orleans, the Confederacy moved ammunition manufacturing from the Mount Vernon Arsenal to Selma, Alabama. Selma offered a more secure location farther away from Union forces.[8]

The Confederate Army held the Arsenal almost until the end of the Civil War. After the war was over, the Arsenal was returned to the federal government and the site was renamed the Mount Vernon Barracks. From 1887 to 1894 the Barracks was used as a prison for captured Apache people, including Geronimo and his followers. Walter Reed, the United States Army physician who confirmed that yellow fever is spread by mosquitoes, served as post surgeon in the 1880s. In 1895, the site was deeded to the state of Alabama.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Mount Vernon Arsenal - Searcy Hospital Complex ~ 88000676". National Register Digital Assets. National Park Service. May 26, 1988.
  2. ^ "Mount Vernon Arsenal - Searcy Hospital Complex ~ 88000676" [National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form for Federal Properties] (PDF). NPGallery HRHP PDF. National Park Service. May 26, 1988.
  3. ^ "Kennebec Arsenal ~ 70000046". National Register Digital Assets. National Park Service. August 25, 1970.
  4. ^ "Kennebec Arsenal ~ 70000046" [National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form for Federal Properties] (PDF). NPGallery HRHP PDF. National Park Service. August 25, 1970.
  5. ^ National Historic Landmark Nomination - Kennebec Arsenal, p.20. Archived 2006-01-27 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ 20th United States Congress (1828). "Defense Infrastructure Act of 1828 ~ P.L. 20-105" [An Act authorizing the establishment of an arsenal on the waters of Mobile or Pensacola Bays.] (PDF). 4 Stat. 304, Chapter 105 ~ May 24, 1828. United States Library of Congress.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ War of the Rebellion, Vol.I, Chap.III, p.327-328.
  8. ^ U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 70 volumes in 4 series. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1880-1901.
  9. ^ "Historical Markers: Mobile County". Alabama Department of Archives and History. Archived from the original on August 15, 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2009.