The Ministry of Defense (Indonesian: Kementerian Pertahanan abbreviated Kemhan) is an Indonesian governmentministry responsible for the defense of Indonesia. The ministry was formerly known as the Department of Defense (Departemen Pertahanan Republik Indonesia; Dephan) until 2009 when the nomenclature changed based on Act Number 39 of 2008 on State Ministries, the name of the Department of Defense was changed to the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia.[3] The currently-appointed minister is Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin, replacing Prabowo Subianto, who was elected President, on 21 October 2024.[4]
After the proclamation of Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) immediately set up the first presidential cabinet which in the first cabinet didn't have a Minister of Defense. The function of the State Defense at that time was at the Minister of Public Security. On 6 October 1945, Supriyadi was declared Minister of Public Security. However, he never appeared, and was replaced on 20 October by interim minister Imam Muhammad Suliyoadikusumo.[6]
During the time of the First Sjahrir Cabinet, the function of the state defense was also under the authority of the Minister of Public Security, held by Mr. Amir Sjarifuddin. However, in the Second Sjahrir Cabinet, the People's Security Minister was renamed as the Minister of Defense which was still held by Amir Sjarifuddin. At the time of Mr. Amir Sjarifuddin became prime minister, the defense minister is also held by the prime minister. In the period of the First Hatta Cabinet, when the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia was in an emergency state due to the pressure of the Dutch forces, the Vice President Mohammad Hatta served as interim minister of defense.
Suharto era
In the First Development Cabinet, the Minister of Defense and Security was held by the Indonesian President Gen. Suharto. Only later on the Second Development Cabinet and subsequently, the function of state defense was always united with the security function and was under the Ministry of Defense and Security where the Minister of Defense and Security would if needed serve concurrently as Commander of the Armed Forces (Panglima ABRI) (this was the case four times during Suharto's presidency). In 1985, as part of a wide reorganization of the armed forces, military appointments to the posts of ministers and below began to phased out, allowing retired officers and civilians to serve in the ministry, and operational control over the Armed Forces was passed directly to the office of the President.
Reformation
On 1 July 2000, the Ministry of Defense reformed itself with the separation of the TNI and the Polri[7] and also a separation of positions, in which the Minister of Defense can be of a civilian background and can no longer concurrently serve as the TNI Commander (Panglima). Defense is regulated through Law no. 3 of 2002 on State Defense and Law no. 34 of 2004 on the Indonesian National Armed Forces.[8][9]
Law no. 3 of 2002 on State Defense Article 16 further stipulates the responsibilities of the Minister of Defense, as follows:[8]
Minister leads the Ministry of Defense.
The Minister assists the President in formulating the general policy of state defense.
The Minister shall stipulate a policy on the implementation of state defense based on the general policy set by the President.
The Minister compiles the defense white paper and establishes bilateral, regional and international cooperation policies in its field.
The Minister formulates a general policy of using the power of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) and other defense components.
The Minister shall determine the policy of budgeting, procurement, recruitment, management of national resources, as well as the development of technology and defense industries required by the Indonesian Armed Forces and other defense force components.
The minister works with the heads of ministries and other government agencies and develops and implements strategic planning for the management of national resources for defense purposes.
Pursuant to Article 18 Paragraph 4, the Commander of the National Armed Forces shall be responsible to the President in the use of the state defense component and cooperate with the Minister in meeting the needs of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.[8]
Naming history
Previous nomenclatures and their time period were:
Department of People's Security (Departemen Keamanan Rakyat) (1945–1946)
Department of Defense (Departemen Pertahanan) (1946–1962, 1999–2009)
Department of Defense and Security (Departemen Pertahanan dan Keamanan) (1962–1999)
Task and Duties
The Ministry of Defense has the task of carrying out government affairs in the defense sector to assist the President in administering the country's government. In carrying out its duties, the Ministry of Defense performs the functions of:[10]
Formulation, determination and implementation of policies in the fields of defense strategy, defense planning, defense potential and defense strength;
Coordinating the implementation of tasks, coaching and providing administrative support to all organizational elements within the Ministry of Defense;
Management of state property/wealth which is the responsibility of the Ministry of Defense;
Supervision over the implementation of tasks within the Ministry of Defense;
Implementation of defense facilities management;
Implementation of research and development in the defense sector;
Implementation of education and training in the defense sector;
Iimplementation of management of strategic defense installations;
Implementation of technical activities from the center to the regions; And
Implementation of substantive support to all organizational elements within the Ministry of Defense.
Organization
The Minister of Defense, by Presidential Decree No. 94/2022,[11] is the head of the Ministry of Defense, the principal assistant to the president in all matters concerning national defense, and has authority and control over the Ministry of Defense. Because the Constitution vests all military authority in the People's Representative Council and the president, the statutory authority in the Minister of Defense is derived from their constitutional authorities. Since it is impractical for the People's Representative Council and the president to participate in every piece of matters relating to national defense, the Minister of Defense, and the Minister's subordinate officials generally exercise national defense authority.
The organizational structure of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia according to Defense Ministerial Regulation No. 1/2024 is as follows:[12]
Leadership elements
The current minister of defense Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Sjafrie SjamsoeddinMinister of Defense (Menteri Pertahanan); and
Deputy Minister of Defense (Wakil Menteri Pertahanan)
Secretariat
Secretariat General (Sekretariat Jenderal), headed by a Secretary General, tasked with coordinating duties, organizational management, and providing administrative support for the entire Ministry. The Secretariat General is organized into the following bureaus:
Office of the Secretary General of Defense
Bureau of Planning and Finance
Bureau of Human Resources
Bureau of Legal Affairs
Bureau of Administrative Affairs and Protocols
Bureau of General Affairs
Bureau of Public Relations
Bureau of Organization and Organizational Governance
Bureau of Defense Legislation
Inspectorate
Inspectorate General of Defense (Inspektorat Jenderal), headed by an Inspector General, tasked with internal monitoring within the Ministry. The Inspectorate General headed several subsections, as follows:
Office of the Inspector General;
Secretariat of the Inspectorate-General;
Inspectorate I, overseeing Defense Planning, Defense Power, Defense Facilities, Education and Training, Strategic Defense Installations, Defense Worthiness, and western representative offices of the Ministry;
Inspectorate II, overseeing the Secretariat General, Defense Strategy, Defense Potential, Research and Development, Data and Information, Defense Finance, the Defense University, and eastern representative offices of the Ministry;
Inspectorate III, overseeing the finances of the Armed Forces General Headquarters and the Air Force;
Inspectorate IV, overseeing the finances of the Army; and
Inspectorate V, overseeing the finances of the Navy, the Welfare, Education, and Housing Foundation (Yayasan Kesejahteraan Pendidikan dan Perumahan), and the Armed Forces insurance corporation.
Directorates-General
Directorate General I (Defense Strategy) (Direktorat Jenderal Strategi Pertahanan), headed by a Director General, tasked with formulating and implementing Indonesian defense policy in the form of defense strategy of the state. The DG headed several subsections, as follows:
Secretariat of the Directorate General
Division of Program and Reporting
Division of Information, Archive and Administration
Division of General Affairs
Division of Management and Administration for State Defense Analyst Functionaries
Directorate of Strategic Defense Policy
Sub-directorate of Basic Policies for State Defense
Sub-directorate of Policy Execution for State Defense
Sub-directorate of Development Policies for State Defense
Sub-directorate of Policy Evaluation and Development of Strategic Environment for State Defense
Directorate of Defense Components Mobilization
Sub-directorate of Military Defense Mobilization
Sub-directorate of Non-military Defense Mobilization
Sub-directorate of Peacekeeping Missions
Directorate of Defense International Cooperation
Sub-directorate of Asia Affairs
Sub-directorate of Americas and Pacific Affairs
Sub-directorate of Europe and Africa Affairs
Sub-directorate of Multilateral Cooperations
Sub-directorate of Military Attache, Education, and Permits
Directorate of Regional Defense
Sub-directorate of Defense Spatial Management
Sub-directorate of Land
Sub-directorate of Sea
Sub-directorate of Air
Sub-directorate of Regional Defense Survey and Mapping
Directorate General II (Defense Planning) (Direktorat Jenderal Perencanaan Pertahanan), headed by a Director General, tasked with formulating and implementing Indonesian defense policy in the form of development planning and financial management of state defense. The DG headed several subsections, as follows:
Secretariat of the Directorate General
Division of Program and Reporting
Division of Information, Archive and Administration
Division of General Affairs
Directorate of Defense Development Planning
Sub-directorate of Long-term and Mid-term Defense Development Planning
Sub-directorate of Short-term Defense Development Planning
Sub-directorate of Planning for Loans and Grants
Sub-directorate of Planning for Defense Research and Development
Directorate of Defense Program and Budget Planning
Sub-directorate of Ministry of Defense and INAF General Headquarters Program and Budget Planning
Sub-directorate of the Army, Navy, and Air Force Program and Budget Planning
Sub-directorate of Planning for Program and Budget Loans and Grants
Sub-directorate of Planning for State Revenue
Directorate of Budget Implementation Administration
Sub-directorate of Ministry of Defense and INAF General Headquarters Budget Implementation Administration
Sub-directorate of the Army, Navy, and Air Force Budget Implementation Administration
Sub-directorate of Loans and Grants Implementation Administration
Sub-directorate of Budget Implementation Administration for Fuels, Lubricants, Electricity, Telephone Networks, Gas, and Water
Directorate of Defense Development Evaluation
Sub-directorate of Performance Evaluation for Defense Development and Defense Budget
Sub-directorate of Performance Evaluation for Defense Budget Implementation
Sub-directorate of Defense Planning System and Methods
Directorate General III (Defense Potential) (Direktorat Jenderal Potensi Pertahanan), headed by a Director General, tasked with formulating and implementing Indonesian defense policy in the form of defense potentials. The DG headed several subsections, as follows:
Secretariat of the Directorate General
Division of Program and Reporting
Division of Information, Archive and Administration
Division of General Affairs
Directorate of Civic Defense
Sub-directorate of Civic Defense for Educational Institutions
Sub-directorate of Civic Defense for Workers
Sub-directorate of Civic Defense for Public
Directorate of Defense Resource
Sub-directorate of Reserve Components Formation
Sub-directorate of Reserve Components Guidance
Sub-directorate of Defense Supporting Human Resources
Sub-directorate of Defense Supporting Infrastructures
Sub-directorate of Defense Supporting Natural and Artificial Resources
Directorate of Defense Industry and Technology
Sub-directorate of Defense Technology
Sub-directorate of Defense Industry
Sub-directorate of Defense Promotion and Defense Industries Cooperation
Sub-directorate of Licensing
Sub-directorate of Trade Returns, Local Contents, and Offsets
Directorate of Veterans' Affairs
Sub-directorate of Veteran Administration
Sub-directorate of Veteran Data
Sub-directorate of Veteran Social Communication
Directorate General IV (Defense Power) (Direktorat Jenderal Kekuatan Pertahanan), headed by a Director General, tasked with formulating and implementing Indonesian defense policy in the form of defense power. The DG headed several subsections, as follows:
Secretariat of the Directorate General
Division of Program and Reporting
Division of Information, Archive and Administration
Division of General Affairs
Directorate of Human Resources
Sub-directorate of Manpower Planning and Career System
Sub-directorate of Development and Education
Sub-directorate of Personnel Maintenance
Sub-directorate of Separation and Distribution
Directorate of Materials
Sub-directorate of Material Utilization Planning
Sub-directorate of Systems and Methods
Sub-directorate of Material Management
Sub-directorate of Firearms, Ammunitions, and Explosives Licensing
Directorate of Facilities and Services
Sub-directorate of Bases and Training Areas Facilities
Sub-directorate of Electrical, Gas, and Water Services and Infrastructures
Sub-directorate of Fuels and Lubricants Services and Infrastructures
Sub-directorate of Information and Communication System and Electronics
Sub-directorate of Land and Buildings
Directorate of Health
Sub-directorate of Health Power
Sub-directorate of Health Manpower
Sub-directorate of Health Materials and Facilities
Sub-directorate of Health Supports
Agencies
Defense Facilities Agency (Badan Sarana Pertahanan), headed by a chief, tasked with the management of defense facilities. The Agency headed several centers, as follows:
Agency Secretariat
Division of Program and Reporting
Division of Information, Archive and Administration
Division of General Affairs
Division of Reception and Distribution
Defense Equipment Center
Army Division
Naval Division
Air Force Division
Construction Center
Construction Planning Division
Construction Procurement Division
Construction Control and Monitoring Division
Codification Center
Codification Administration, Development, and Information System Division
Operational Division
Codification Support Division
State Property Center
Division 1 (Land and Building Management)
Division 2 (Non-Land and Non-Building Assets Management)
Division 3 (State Properties Evaluation and Reporting)
Agency for Defense Policy and Technology Development (Badan Pengembangan Kebijakan dan Teknologi Pertahanan), headed by a chief, tasked with research and development in defense science and policy. The Agency headed several centers, as follows:
Agency Secretariat
Division of Program and Reporting
Division of Information, Archive and Administration
Division of General Affairs
Division of Defense Policies Development Administration
Policies Development Center for Defense Strategy
Strategic Environment Division
Doctrine, Systems, and Methods Division
Regional Defense Division
Policies Development Center for Defense Resource
Human Resource Development Division
Natural and Artificial Resource Division
Facilities and Infrastructures Division
Center for Defense Science and Technology Development
Mobilization Capabilities Division
Offensive Capabilities Division
Logistic, Information Technology, and Communication Division
Center for Defense Equipment Development
Army Division
Naval Division
Air Force Division
Defense Education and Training Agency (Badan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan), headed by a chief, tasked with implementing defense education and training. The Agency headed several centers, as follows:
Agency Secretariat
Division of Program and Reporting
Division of Education and Training System and Quality Assurance
Division of Education and Training Components
Division of General Affairs
Defense Management Education and Training Center
Education and Training Planning Division
Education and Training Operational Division
Education and Training Evaluation and Quality Improvement Division
Language Education and Training Center
Education and Training Planning Division
Education and Training Operational Division
Education and Training Evaluation and Quality Improvement Division
Defense Technical and Functionaries Education and Training Center
Education and Training Planning Division
Education and Training Operational Division
Education and Training Evaluation and Quality Improvement Division
Civic Defense Education and Training Center
Education and Training Planning Division
Education and Training Operational Division
Education and Training Evaluation and Quality Improvement Division
Defense Information and Communication Agency (Badan Informasi dan Komunikasi Pertahanan) formerly Strategic Defense Installation Agency (Badan Instalasi Strategis Pertahanan) and Defense Data and Information Center (Pusat Data dan Informasi Pertahanan), headed by a chief, tasked with providing support for the Ministry and other related agencies on the development and management of defense information and defense communication system, defense IT and communication infrastructure, defense information and cypher system security, fostering the Ministry's IT and cypher functionaries, performing research and development of offensive military cyber defense instruments, methods, and human resources as well performing cyber defense. Prior issuance of the Ministry of Defense Decree No. 1/2024, the agency was tasked to manage strategic installations. The Agency headed several centers, as follows:
Agency Secretariat
Division of Program and Reporting
Division of Information, Archive, and Administration
Division of General Affairs
Center for Defense Information, Technology, and Communication
Application System Division
Information, Technology, and Communication Infrastructure Division
Data Management Division
Center for Defense Strategic Information
Domestic Affairs Division
Asia-Pacific Division
Americas, Europe, and Africa Division
Center for Cyber Defense
Planning, Development, Management, and Cooperation Division
Cyberoperations and Cipher Division
Unmanned Spacecraft Operation Division
Advisors
Advisor to the Minister on Political Affairs (Staf Ahli bidang Politik), advises the Minister on matter of political affairs
Advisor to the Minister on Economic Affairs (Staf Ahli bidang Ekonomi), advises the Minister on matter of economic affairs
Advisor to the Minister on Social Affairs (Staf Ahli bidang Sosial), advises the Minister on matter of social affairs
Advisor to the Minister on Security Affairs (Staf Ahli bidang Keamanan), advises the Minister on matter of security affairs
Centers
Defense Worthiness Center (Pusat Kelaikan), headed by a chief, tasked with providing support for the Ministry and other related agencies on design certification, product worthiness, and quality control and assurances. The Center headed several subsections, as follows:
Administration Division
Indonesian Military Landworthiness Authority
Indonesian Military Seaworthiness Authority
Indonesian Military Airworthiness Authority
Defense Rehabilitation Center (Pusat Rehabilitasi), headed by a chief, tasked with providing support for the Ministry and other related agencies on medical rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, social rehabilitation, and hospitalization of veterans and wounded personnel of the Armed Forces. The Center headed several subsections, as follows:
Administration Division
Medical Rehabilitation Division
Vocational Rehabilitation Division
Social Rehabilitation Division
Defense Financial Monitoring and Management Center (Pusat Pelaporan dan Pembinaan Keuangan Pertahanan), headed by a chief, tasked with providing support for the Ministry and other related agencies on financial management and administration, as well as on defense resource utilization. The Center headed several subsections, as follows:
Administration Division
Accounting and Financial Reporting Division
Treasury Administration Division
Financial Verification and Control Division
Regional Management Center (Pusat Pengelolaan Kawasan), headed by a chief, tasked with providing support for the Ministry and other related agencies on management of strategic installations. The center formerly performed Strategic Defense Installation Agency (Badan Instalasi Strategis Pertahanan) functions in management of strategic installation. The Center headed several subsections, as follows:
^P. N. H. Simanjuntak (2003). Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi [Cabinets of the Republic of Indonesia: From the Start of Independence to the Reform Era]. Jakarta: Djambatan. p. 18. ISBN9789794284995.
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