Milecastle 32

Milecastle 32
Northumberland, England, UK
Milecastle 32
The site of Milecastle 32
Milecastle 32 is located in Northumberland
Milecastle 32
Milecastle 32
Location in Northumberland
Coordinates55°02′00″N 2°14′35″W / 55.033207°N 2.243002°W / 55.033207; -2.243002
Grid referenceNY84567099
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Milecastle 32 (Carraw) was a milecastle of the Roman Hadrian's Wall. Its remains exist as earthworks and with no exposed masonry. The layout of the milecastle walls is defined (still quite evident) by robber trenches (to a maximum depth of 0.3 metres (1 ft 0 in). The north wall is beneath a modern wall.[1]

Place-name etymology

Carraw seems to be a Cumbric name cognate with Welsh carrau 'rocks'.[2]

Construction

Milecastle 32 was a long-axis milecastle though the gateway type cannot be identified. Such milecastles were thought to have been constructed by the legio VI Victrix who were based in Eboracum (York), or by the legio XX Valeria Victrix who were based in Deva Victrix (Chester).[3]

Its dimensions (measured between the edges of the visible platform) are 20 metres (66 ft) (long axis) by 16.5 metres (54 ft). The long axis measures 19.5 metres (64 ft) between the apparent centre lines of the (still evident) robber trenches giving internal proportions of 10:8, which is normal.[1]

Changes in the dimensions of the wall ditch at this point suggest the possible presence of a causeway.[4]

Excavations and investigations

  • 1961 – The position of the milecastle is formally recorded by Eric Birley.[5]
  • 1966 – English Heritage Field Investigation. It was noted that the remains consisted of a low mutilated platform surrounded by a robber trench, and that no masonry was visible.[1]
  • 1971 – The milecastle is measured, and the south gateway excavated. Stone robbing proved too extensive for identification.[1] Fourth-century pottery is discovered.[4]
  • 1989 – English Heritage Field Investigation (as part of Hadrian's Wall Project). Previous observations are reconfirmed.[1]

Associated turrets

Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the Milecastle, and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle's garrison. The turrets associated with Milecastle 32 are known as Turret 32A and Turret 32B.

Turret 32A

Turret 32A (Carraw West) was located in 1920, though the remains are mostly buried beneath the B6318 Military Road.[6]

Location on Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 map: 55°01′57″N 2°15′01″W / 55.032411°N 2.250272°W / 55.032411; -2.250272 (Turret 32A). (Ordnance Survey National Grid Coordinates: NY 8409 7091)[6]

Turret 32B

The accepted site of Turret 32B (Brown Moor) was ascertained by measurement only. Any remains would lie beneath the B6318 Military Road.[7]

Approximate predicted location: 55°01′55″N 2°15′32″W / 55.031898°N 2.258889°W / 55.031898; -2.258889 (Turret 32B). (Ordnance Survey National Grid Coordinates: NY 835 708)[7]

Monument records

Monument Monument Number English Heritage Archive Number
Milecastle 32 16800 NY 87 SW 1
Turret 32A 16803 NY 87 SW 2
Turret 32B 16806 NY 87 SW 3

Public access

The milecastle is on private land abutting the B6318 Military Road, and both turrets are buried beneath the B6318 Military Road.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Milecastle 32". Pastscape. English Heritage. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  2. ^ Bethany Fox, 'The P-Celtic Place-Names of North-East England and South-East Scotland', The Heroic Age, 10 (2007), http://www.heroicage.org/issues/10/fox.html (appendix at http://www.heroicage.org/issues/10/fox-appendix.html).
  3. ^ David J Breeze and Brian Dobson (1976). Hadrian's Wall. Allen Lane. pp. 14–15. ISBN 0140271821.
  4. ^ a b Breeze, David J (1934), Handbook to the Roman Wall (14th Revised edition – Nov 2006), Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, pp. 224, 225, ISBN 0901082651
  5. ^ Birley, Eric B (1961), Research on Hadrian's Wall, Titus Wilson & Son, p. 100
  6. ^ a b "Turret 32A". Pastscape. English Heritage. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  7. ^ a b "Turret 32B". Pastscape. English Heritage. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2012.

Bibliography