Middle Fork River

For other uses, see Middle Fork River (disambiguation).
Middle Fork River
The Middle Fork River in Audra State Park in 2005
Map of the Monongahela River basin, with the Middle Fork River highlighted
Location
CountryUnited States
StateWest Virginia
Physical characteristics
SourceKittle Creek
 • locationRich Mountain, Randolph County
 • coordinates38°40′03″N 80°04′45″W / 38.66750°N 80.07917°W / 38.66750; -80.07917[1]
 • elevation3,639 ft (1,109 m)[2]
2nd sourceBirch Fork
 • locationRocky Ridge, Randolph County
 • coordinates38°40′47″N 80°05′58″W / 38.67972°N 80.09944°W / 38.67972; -80.09944[3]
 • elevation3,493 ft (1,065 m)[2]
Source confluence 
 • locationAdolph, West Virginia, Randolph County
 • coordinates38°44′44″N 80°02′47″W / 38.74556°N 80.04639°W / 38.74556; -80.04639[4]
 • elevation2,303 ft (702 m)[1]
MouthTygart Valley River
 • location
Barbour County
 • coordinates
39°03′41″N 80°02′51″W / 39.06139°N 80.04750°W / 39.06139; -80.04750[4]
 • elevation
1,483 ft (452 m)[4]
Length35 mi (56 km)[5]
Basin size152 sq mi (390 km2)[6]
Discharge 
 • locationAudra State Park[7]
 • average356 cu ft/s (10.1 m3/s)[7]
 • minimum0.2 cu ft/s (0.0057 m3/s)
 • maximum16,700 cu ft/s (470 m3/s)

The Middle Fork River is a 35.4-mile-long (57.0 km)[5] tributary of the Tygart Valley River in north-central West Virginia, USA. Via the Tygart Valley, Monongahela and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 152 square miles (390 km2) on the easternmost part of the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny Plateau. According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Middle Fork River has also been known simply as "Middle Fork" and as "Middlefork."[4]

Geography

The Middle Fork River is formed at the community of Adolph in western Randolph County by the confluence of the headwaters tributaries Kittle Creek and Birch Fork, each approximately 6.5 miles (10.5 km) in length, which rise just north of Kumbrabow State Forest and flow northwardly. Kittle Creek rises on the western slope of Rich Mountain, considered to be part of the westernmost ridge of the Allegheny Mountains and the eastern boundary of the Allegheny Plateau.[1][3][8][9]

From Adolph, the Middle Fork River flows generally northwardly, roughly in parallel to Rich Mountain. The river's course defines part of the boundary between Randolph and Upshur counties, and then between Upshur and Barbour counties, before flowing into southern Barbour County, where it joins the Tygart Valley River, approximately 5 miles (8 km) south of Philippi and a few miles upstream of the mouth of the Buckhannon River.[8] Near its mouth it passes through Audra State Park, which was established in the mid-20th century and provides campsites and a swimming beach along the river.[10] In Upshur County it collects a tributary known as the Right Fork Middle Fork River,[11] which rises in southwestern Randolph County and flows northwardly into eastern Upshur County.[8]

For most of its course, the Middle Fork forms whitewater rapids of Class I to Class IV on the International Scale of River Difficulty. From Audra State Park downstream to its mouth, it forms Class IV rapids.[12] According to the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, approximately 94% of the Middle Fork River's watershed is forested, mostly deciduous, and approximately 4% is used for agriculture and pasture.[6]

Flow rate

At the United States Geological Survey's stream gauge in Audra State Park, the annual mean flow of the river between 1942 and 2005 was 356 ft³/s (10 m³/s). The highest recorded flow during the period was 16,700 ft³/s (473 m³/s) on May 17, 1996. The lowest recorded flow was 0.2 ft³/s (0 m³/s) on several days in October 1953.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Geographic Names Information System. "Geographic Names Information System entry for Kittle Creek (Feature ID #1551657)". Retrieved 2007-03-26.
  2. ^ a b Google Earth elevation for GNIS source coordinates. Retrieved on 2007-03-26.
  3. ^ a b Geographic Names Information System. "Geographic Names Information System entry for Birch Fork (Feature ID #1550360)". Retrieved 2007-03-26.
  4. ^ a b c d Geographic Names Information System. "Geographic Names Information System entry for Middle Fork River (Feature ID #1552064)". Retrieved 2007-03-26.
  5. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Archived 2012-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, accessed August 15, 2011
  6. ^ a b West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection. "Watershed Atlas Project". pp. Tygart Valley River watershed. Archived from the original on 2005-04-04. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
  7. ^ a b c Ward, S. M.; G. R. Crosby. "Water Resources Data, West Virginia, Water Year 2005". United States Geological Survey. pp. Monongahela River Basin. Retrieved 2007-05-20.
  8. ^ a b c West Virginia Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Me.: DeLorme. 1997. pp. 36–37, 46–47. ISBN 0-89933-246-3.
  9. ^ Adkins, Howard G. (2006). "Allegheny Mountains". In Ken Sullivan (ed.). The West Virginia Encyclopedia. Charleston, W.Va.: West Virginia Humanities Council. p. 10. ISBN 0-9778498-0-5.
  10. ^ Ken Sullivan, ed. (2006). "Audra State Park". The West Virginia Encyclopedia. Charleston, W.Va.: West Virginia Humanities Council. p. 31. ISBN 0-9778498-0-5.
  11. ^ Geographic Names Information System. "Geographic Names Information System entry for Right Fork Middle Fork River (Feature ID #1552662)". Retrieved 2007-03-26.
  12. ^ Davidson, Paul; Ward Eister; Dirk Davidson; Charlie Walbridge (1995). Wildwater West Virginia (4th ed.). Birmingham, Ala.: Menasha Ridge Press. pp. 133–136. ISBN 0-89732-156-1.