May 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

The Eastern Orthodox cross

May 30 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - June 1

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on June 13 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.[note 1]

For May 31, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on May 18.

Saints

• Apostle Hermes of Philippopolis (Hermas), of the Seventy Apostles (1st century)[1][2]
• Martyr Hermias of Comana (160)[1][3][4][note 2]
• Martyr Magus (the Magician), who converted upon witnessing the martyrdom of Hermias (160)[1][5][note 3]
• Martyr Philosophus at Alexandria (252)[1][6]
• Martyrs Eusebios and Charalampos, in Nicomedia, by fire.[7] (see also May 30)
• Five Martyrs of Ashkelon, dragged to death.[8]
• Saint Eustathius, Patriarch of Constantinople (1025)[1][9][note 4]

Pre-Schism Western saints

• Virgin-martyr Petronilla, at Rome (1st or 3rd century)[4][10][11][note 5]
• Martyr Crescentian, in Sassari in Sardinia (c. 130)[4][11][12]
• Martyrs Cantius, Cantian, Cantianilla and Protus, in Aquileia (304)[4][11][13][note 6]
• Saint Sylvius of Toulouse, Bishop of Lyon (c. 400)[14]
• Saint Lupicinus of Verona, Bishop of Verona, described as 'the most holy, the best of bishops' (5th century)[4][11][15]
• Saint Paschasius, Deacon and Confessor in Rome, who is mentioned by Pope Gregory I (512)[4][11][16]
• Saint Winnow, Mancus and Myrbad, Irish saints who lived in Cornwall where churches are dedicated to them (6th century)[11]

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

• Saint Philotheus (Leschynsky) of Tobolsk, Metropolitan of Tobolsk and the "Apostle of Siberia" (1727)[1][17][18][note 7]

New martyrs and confessors

• Hieromartyr Archpriest Philosophus (Ornatsky), with his sons Boris and Nicholas, in St. Petersburg (1918)[1][19][20]
• Hieromartyrs Hierotheus (Afonin), Bishop of Nikolsk (1928), and Hieroschemamonk Seraphim (Nikolsky) (1923)[1][21]

Other commemorations

• First translation of the relics (1591) of Hieromartyr Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia (1569), to Solovki.[1]
• Repose of Archimandrite Macarius of Peshnosha Monastery, disciple of Blessed Theodore of Sanaxar (1811)[1]
• Finding of the relics (1960) of New Martyr Nicholas the Deacon, of Mytilene (1463)[1]

Icon gallery

• 
  St. Hermes of Philippopolis, of the Seventy Apostles.
• 
  St. Petronilla (Aurelia Petronilla), virgin martyr.
• 
  St. Petronilla (Aurelia Petronilla), by Sano di Pietro.
• 
  Saint Philotheus (Leshchinsky) of Tobolsk, Metropolitan of Tobolsk and the "Apostle of Siberia" .
• 
  Hieromartyr Archpriest Philosophus (Ornatsky) (†1918).
• 
  St. Philip, Metropolitan of Moscow.

Notes

1. The notation Old Style or (OS) is sometimes used to indicate a date in the Julian Calendar (which is used by churches on the "Old Calendar").
   The notation New Style or (NS), indicates a date in the Revised Julian calendar (which is used by churches on the "New Calendar").
2. "At Comana in Pontus during the reign of Emperor Antoninus, St. Hermias, a soldier. Being miraculously delivered from many horrible torments, he converted his executioner to Christ, and made him partaker of the crown which he was first to receive by being beheaded."[4]
3. We do not know what his name was.
4. His name is absent in the Synaxaristes and the Menaia, but it is recorded in the Byzantine Calendar.
5. "At Rome, St. Petronilla, virgin, disciple of the blessed apostle Peter. She refused to marry Flaccus, a nobleman, and was granted three days for deliberation. She spent these days in fasting and in prayer, and on the third day, after having received the Sacrament of the Body of Christ, she yielded up her soul.[4]
6. "At Aquileia, the holy martyrs Cantius, Cantian, and Cantianilla, members of one family, which belonged to the illustrious line of the Anicii. For their attachment to the Christian faith, they were condemned to capital punishment with their tutor, Protus, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian."[4]
7. On June 18th, 1700, Tsar Peter the Great published an Ukase (imperial edict) that made a resounding appeal for the propagation of the Orthodox faith in Siberia and China. In response to the Ukase of 1700, Philothei (Leschinsky) of Kiev was chosen as the Metropolitan of Tobolsk and All Siberia (1702-1711), long since a center of missionary operations, in order to "lead the natives in China and Siberia to the service of the true and living God." He built 37 churches and personally accounted for the baptism of 40,000 Siberian tribesmen by 1721.

References

1. May 31/June 13. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
2. Apostle Hermas of the Seventy. OCA - Feasts and Saints.
3. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἑρμείας ὁ Μάρτυρας. 31 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
4. May 31. The Roman Martyrology.
5. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Μάγος ὁ Μάρτυρας. 31 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
6. Martyr Philosophus at Alexandria. OCA - Feasts and Saints.
7. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Οἱ Ἅγιοι Εὐσέβιος καὶ Χαράλαμπος οἱ Μάρτυρες. 31 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
8. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Οἱ Ἅγιοι πέντε Μάρτυρες ἐν Ἀσκαλώνι. 31 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
9. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Εὐστάθιος Πατριάρχης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως. 31 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
10. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ἡ Ἁγία Πετρονίλα ἡ Μάρτυς. 31 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
11. May 31. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
12. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Κρήσκης ὁ Μάρτυρας. 31 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
13. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Οἱ Ἅγιοι Κάνδιος, Κανδιανός, Κανδιανέλλη καὶ Πρῶτος οἱ Μάρτυρες. 31 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
14. "saints pour le 31 mai du calendrier ecclésiastique - forum - orthodoxe .com". www.forum-orthodoxe.com. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
15. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Λουπικίνος Ἐπίσκοπος Βερόνας. 31 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
16. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Πασχάσιος. 31 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
17. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Φιλόθεος Μητροπολίτης Τομπόλσκ. 31 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
18. Dr. Alexander Roman. May. Calendar of Ukrainian Orthodox Saints (Ukrainian Orthodoxy - Українське Православ'я).
19. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Φιλόσοφος ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ Βόρις καὶ Νικόλαος οἱ Μάρτυρες. 31 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
20. (in Russian) 31 мая (ст.ст.) 13 июня 2013 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).
21. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἱερόθεος ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας ὁ Νέος. 31 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

Sources

• May 31/June 13. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
• June 13 / May 31. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
• Complete List of Saints. Protection of the Mother of God Church (POMOG).
• May 31. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
• Dr. Alexander Roman. May. Calendar of Ukrainian Orthodox Saints (Ukrainian Orthodoxy - Українське Православ'я).
• May 31. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
• May 31. The Roman Martyrology.

Greek Sources

• Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) 31 ΜΑΪΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
• (in Greek) Συναξαριστής. 31 Μαΐου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).

Russian Sources

• (in Russian) 13 июня (31 мая). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
• (in Russian) 31 мая (ст.ст.) 13 июня 2013 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).