Maxillaria densa

Maxillaria densa
1836 illustration[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Epidendroideae
Genus:	Maxillaria
Species:	M. densa
Binomial name
Maxillaria densa Lindl.
Synonyms
Camaridium densum (Lindl.) M.A.Blanco Maxillaria glomerata Galeotti Ornithidium densum (Lindl.) Rchb.f.

Maxillaria densa, the crowded maxillaria, is a species of orchid ranging from Mexico south to Nicaragua.[2]

Gymnopusin is a phenanthrenediol produced by the orchid[3] as well as 2,5-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene, 9,10-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene, 2,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (nudol), 9,10-dihydro-2,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene, 2,5-dihydroxy-3,4,9-trimethoxyphenanthrene and 2,7-dihydroxy-3,4,9-trimethoxyphenanthrene.[4]

References

1. Miss Drake (1803-1857) del., J. Watts sc. - Edwards's Botanical Register, volume 21 plate 1804 (http://www.botanicus.org/page/240164)
2. Pridgeon, Alec M. (1992). The Illustrated encyclopedia of orchids. Timber Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-88192-267-7.
3. Phytotoxicity and ultrastructural effects of gymnopusin from the orchid Maxillaria densa on duckweed (Lemna pausicostata) frond and root tissues. Valencia-Islas NA, Paul RN, Shier WT, Mata R and Abbas HK, Phytochemistry, 2002, volume 61, issue 2, pages 141-148, PMID 12169307, doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00220-0
4. New Phenanthrene Derivatives from Maxillaria densa. Samuel Estrada, Rubén A. Toscano and Rachel Mata, J. Nat. Prod., 1999, volume 62, issue 8, pages 1175–1178, doi:10.1021/np990061e