Matthew Towgood III

The Reverend
Matthew Towgood III
Born
Moreton Hampstead, Devon, England
Baptised7 July 1727
Died(1791-01-26)26 January 1791
London, England
Occupation(s)Presbyterian minister and banker
Known forFounding the bank Langston, Polhill, Towgood and Amory; founding New College, Hackney
Spouse
Mary Mills
​
(m. 1752)​
Children5, including Matthew
FatherMichaijah Towgood (father)
RelativesFrederick Towgood (grandson)
FamilyTowgood family

Matthew Towgood III (1727 – 26 January 1791) was an English Presbyterian minister and banker. From a noted nonconformist background, he associated with campaigners against religious restriction, and was one of the founders of the bank Langston, Polhill, Towgood and Amory and the dissenting academy New College, Hackney.

Life

Matthew Towgood was born in 1727 and was baptised on 6 July at Moreton Hampstead, Devon.[1][2] He was the son of Michaijah Towgood, a leading figure in Rational Dissent. Michaijah Towgood's grandfather Matthew Towgood I was an ejected minister, and his father was Matthew Towgood MD II (died 1715).[3]

Towgood in early life settled at Bridgwater, in 1747. He served as a Presbyterian minister.[4][5] He left his ministry in 1755, becoming a merchant.[6]

Towgood then went to London, and took up finance. In 1764 he was an insurance broker.[7] The barrister John Baker saw him in 1776 at "Old Lloyd's" (Lloyd's Coffee House, from which Lloyd's of London had moved a couple of years earlier).[8]

From 1773 Towgood was a banker.[6] Around 1777 he was involved in setting up the bank Langston, Polhill, Towgood and Amory, at 29 Clement's Lane, near Lombard Street, London, with partners James Haughton Langston (father of John Langston) and Nathaniel Polhill. The bank continued to trade under related names until 1811, when it merged with the Rogers family bank.[9] The Clement's Lane banker Samuel Amory (died 1799) was grandfather of Sir John Heathcoat-Amory, 1st Baronet.[10]

Towgood was for a time in the congregation of the Newington Green meeting-house.[11] In London politics he was a supporter of John Wilkes and James Townsend, and signed the pro-American petition of 1775.[12] He attended the large nonconformist gathering of December 1785 following the closures of Warrington Academy in 1782, and Hoxton Academy that year, and was a member of the Repeal Committee of 1786, which lobbied against the Test Acts, in both cases with his son John.[13][14] The 1785 meeting appointed a committee to found what became the dissenting academy New College, Hackney. Towgood was on the committee, with Samuel Heywood, Richard Price, Thomas Rogers, Benjamin Vaughan and Hugh Worthington;[15] Rogers, Towgood and Michael Dodson acted as treasurers in the early days to the "New Institution", as the college was initially known.[16]

Towgood attended a dinner on 1 July 1786 given in Clapham by William Smith for John Adams, with two of his sons; other guests there also of the Repeal Committee were Andrew Kippis and Joseph Paice.[17] He was a member of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers, as were his sons John, Matthew IV and William.[12][18][19]

Towgood died on 26 January 1791. Richard Price preached a funeral sermon for him on 6 February 1791.[20]

Family

Towgood married Mary Mills on 23 June 1752 at the Church of St John the Baptist, Bristol.[21] She was the sister of the banker John Mills (died 1769). A note to the diary of John Baker gives Matthew Mills of St Kitts as her father (allowing for a mistake Elizabeth for Mary), and lists the children of the marriage as "John William, Matthew, Elizabeth and Mary";[8] what it cites in The History of Antigua by Vere Langford Oliver clarifies the errors and gives five children: "John, Wm, Mathew, Eliz. and Mary".[22]

His three sons all became bankers:

  • John, his elder brother (1757–1837), who married Martha, daughter of Thomas Rogers.[11][14][23] He was involved in a plantation on St Kitts through a mortgage.[23]
  • William, banker in Bristol, with Savery, Towgood et al., who died in 1835.[24][25] This bank drew on Smith & Payne, and then Rogers, Towgood & Co.[26][27] He married Susannah Yerbury.[28][29]
  • Matthew (died 1830), known for his association with paper making.

Of his daughters, Mary married in 1779 the Bristol banker John Savery, as his second wife, and was mother of 16 children, among them Henry Savery.[30][31]

Notes

  1. ^ Pope, Ed. "Towgood, Matthew". Ed Pope History. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
  2. ^ The National Archives (United Kingdom); Kew, Surrey, England; Registers of Births, Marriages and Deaths surrendered to the Non-parochial Registers Commissions of 1837 and 1857; Class Number: Rg 4; Piece Number: 444.
  3. ^ Wykes, David L. "Towgood, Michaijah (1700–1792)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27595. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. ^ "Dissenting Academies Towgood, Matthew (1732-1791) (person id: 1835)". dissacad.english.qmul.ac.uk.
  5. ^ Unitarian Historical Society (1943). Transactions of the Unitarian Historical Society. Vol. 8. Lindsey Press. p. 94.
  6. ^ a b Price, Richard (1983). The Correspondence of Richard Price. Vol. II. Duke University Press. p. 47 note 2. ISBN 978-0-7083-1099-1.
  7. ^ Hildyard, Francis (1845). A Treatise on the Principles of the Law of Marine Insurance. 103: William Benning.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  8. ^ a b Baker, John (1931). The Diary of John Baker, Barrister of the Middle Temple, Solicitor-general of the Leeward Islands. Hutchinson & Co., Limited. p. 370 and note 2.
  9. ^ Price, Frederick George Hilton (1890). A Handbook of London bankers. London, Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent and co.; New York, Scribner and Welford. p. 119.
  10. ^ A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire. Henry Colburn. 1880. p. 29.
  11. ^ a b The Catholic Historical Review. Catholic University of America Press. 1968. p. 6.
  12. ^ a b Sainsbury, John (1975). The Pro-American Movement in London 1769-1782 : Extra-parliamentary Opposition to the Government's American Policy (Ph.D.). McGill University. p. 349.
  13. ^ Burley, Stephen (1 June 2016). Hazlitt the Dissenter: Religion, Philosophy, and Politics, 1766-1816. Springer. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-137-36443-2.
  14. ^ a b "Biographical Appendix: 1786-90 Committee, British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk.
  15. ^ Price, Richard; Peach, Bernard; Thomas, David Oswald (1983). The Correspondence of Richard Price. Vol. III. Duke University Press. p. 47 note 2. ISBN 978-0-7083-1180-6.
  16. ^ New College among Protestant Dissenters (1789). Begin. Report, etc., January 21, 1789. [Report, etc., of the Committee of the New College, of Protestant Dissenters from Christmas, 1787, to Christmas, 1788, etc.]. p. 11.
  17. ^ "John Adams diary 44, 27 March - 21 July 1786". masshist.org.
  18. ^ Cone, Carl (29 September 2017). The English Jacobins: Reformers in Late 18th Century England. Routledge. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-351-30415-3.
  19. ^ City of London Corporation Livery Committee (1796). A List of the Livery of London, etc. H. L. Galabin. p. 158.
  20. ^ Price, Richard; Peach, Bernard; Thomas, David Oswald (1983). The Correspondence of Richard Price. Vol. III. Duke University Press. p. xxii. ISBN 978-0-7083-1180-6.
  21. ^ Bristol Archives; Bristol, England; Bristol Church of England Parish Registers; Reference: P/St.JBed/R/1/c.
  22. ^ Oliver, Vere Langford (1894). The history of the island of Antigua, one of the Leeward Caribbees in the West Indies, from the first settlement in 1635 to the present time. Vol. III. London, Mitchell and Hughes. p. 260.
  23. ^ a b "John Towgood, 1757 - 1837, Legacies of British Slavery". www.ucl.ac.uk.
  24. ^ Leckey, George (1813). The Stamp Office List of Country Bankers, Containing All the Banking Companies in England and Wales who Issue Promissory Notes Payable on Demand, Etc. p. 14.
  25. ^ The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, for the Year ... Edw. Cave, 1736-[1868]. 1835. p. 670.
  26. ^ The British Imperial Calendar and Civil Service List. 1811. p. 271.
  27. ^ Chilcott, John (1826). Chilcott's New Guide to Bristol, Clifton and the Hotwells. J. Chilcott. p. 241.
  28. ^ Notes and Queries. Oxford University Press. 1886. p. 48.
  29. ^ Hunter, Joseph (1894–1896). Familiae minorum gentium. Vol. 39. London: Mitchell and Hughes. p. 292.
  30. ^ Giordano, Margaret; Norman, Don (1984). Tasmanian Literary Landmarks. Shearwater Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-9592081-0-8.
  31. ^ "Memorial 44" (PDF). edgt.org.uk. Essex Dissenters Graveyard Trust. p. 3.