Marcus Salvius Otho (grandfather of emperor Otho)

Marcus Salvius Otho
Occupationmoneyer
EraAugustan
Known forgrandfather of emperor Otho
SpouseTitia (possibly)
ChildrenMarcus Salvius Otho
Lucius Salvius Otho

Marcus Salvius Otho was an ancient Roman politician and grandfather of emperor Otho.

Biography

Early life

Marcus Salvius Otho was a member to the Salvia gens. His father is described by Suetonius as an Eques (knight) of Etruscan descent whose ancestors came from Ferentinum and were descended from the princes of Etruria. His mother is not named and stated as being of lowly origin,[1] and may not even have been freeborn.[2] There have been many attempts at identifying Marcus' father, among them an Otho mentioned to have been a "puny-headed" follower of Julius Caesar in one of Catullus poems was proposed by Ernst Bickel,[3] T. P. Wiseman and Bruce W. Frier have proposed that he may be the Salvius who was tribune of the plebs in 43 BC (and that this man was the son of an Urban praetor in 76 BC)[4] who Elizabeth Rawson also identifies as the Salvius who was the first victim of the proscriptions of the Second Triumvirate.[5] Joachim Losehand argued against a connection with the Gabinian centurion Salvius who assassinated Pompey.[6]

Otho is presumed to have been born around 40 BC.[7] He was raised and educated in the household of empress Livia,[1] probably alongside her sons Tiberius and Drusus after their father died in 33 BC.[7]

Career

Coin minted by Otho, circa 7 BC.

Through Livia's influence he entered the senate and reached the praetorship.[8] Unusually for a novus homo Otho was triumvir monetalis[9] in an uncertain year, possibly 11 BC[7] or 7 BC (as his coinage depicts Victoria crowning Augustus, perhaps celebrating Tiberius triumph that year).[10]

Marriage

Otho married a woman whose identity is not known for certain, but Suetonius describes her as a noblewoman "allied to several great families". The appearance of the name "Titianus" among his descendants has led to speculation that she may have been a Titia.[11][12][13] A Titia L. f. is known from inscription to have been the wife of a Salvius. This woman died young in 23 BC.[14][15] He may have had a first-born homonymous son who became a moneyer,[16] as well as the better known Lucius Salvius Otho, father of emperor Otho, (although there were rumours that Lucius was actually Tiberius' bastard).[9]

References

  1. ^ a b Bittarello, Maria Beatrice (October 2009). "The Construction of Etruscan 'Otherness' in Latin Literature". Greece & Rome. 55 (2). Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical Association: 211–233. doi:10.1017/S0017383509990052. JSTOR 40389197. S2CID 154767448.
  2. ^ Suetonius (2011). The Caesars. Translated by Hurley, Donna W. Hackett Publishing. p. 281. ISBN 9781603846035.
  3. ^ Forsyth, P. Y. (1987). "Catullus 54: A Note". The Classical World. 80 (6): 421–423. doi:10.2307/4350089. JSTOR 4350089.
  4. ^ Frier, Bruce W. (1983). "Urban Praetors and Rural Violence: The Legal Background of Cicero's Pro Caecina". Transactions of the American Philological Association. 113. p. 224. doi:10.2307/284012. ISSN 0360-5949. JSTOR 284012.
  5. ^ Rawson, Elizabeth (1991). Roman Culture and Society: Collected Papers. Clarendon Press. p. 323. ISBN 9780198147527.
  6. ^ Losehand, Joachim (2007). Die letzten Tage des Pompeius: von Pharsalos bis Pelusion. Phoibos. p. 207. ISBN 9783901232947.
  7. ^ a b c Rawson, Beryl (2003). Children and Childhood in Roman Italy. OUP Oxford. p. 162. ISBN 9780191514234.
  8. ^ Barrett, Anthony A. (2002). Livia: First Lady of Imperial Rome. Yale University Press. p. 189. ISBN 9780300102987.
  9. ^ a b Levick, Barbara (2003). Tiberius the Politician. Routledge. p. 28. ISBN 9781134603794.
  10. ^ Kugener, Marc Antoine; Herrmann, Léon (1972). Latomus. Vol. 31 (second ed.). Editions Latomus. p. 806.
  11. ^ Raepsaet-Charlier, Marie-Thérèse (1987). Prosopographie des femmes de l'ordre sénatorial: Ier-IIe siècles. Académie Royale de Belgique. Classe des Lettres. Fonds René Draguet. Vol. 1. Isd. p. 599. ISBN 9789068310863.
  12. ^ Heil, Matthäus; Wachtel, Klaus, eds. (2006). Prosopographia Imperii Romani Saec I, II, III. De Gruyter. pp. 51–53. ISBN 9783110193169.
  13. ^ Antiquitas: Abhandlungen zur alten Geschichte. Vol. 31. R. Habelt Verlag. 1982. p. 443.
  14. ^ Adriana, Emiliozzi (1983). "Sull'epitaffio del 67 a. C. nel sepolcro dei Salvii a Ferento". Mélanges de l'école française de Rome (in Italian). 95 (2): 701–717. doi:10.3406/mefr.1983.1388 – via Persee.fr.
  15. ^ Ottavianelli, Giovanna (2019). "Sulle tracce di un imperatore di origini ferentiensi: Marcus Salvius Otho" (PDF). Archeotuscia.com (in Italian). pp. 25–29. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
  16. ^ Hobler, Francis (1860). Records of Roman History, from Cnaeus Pompeius to Tiberius Constantinus, as Exhibited on the Roman Coins. Vol. 1. Nichols. p. 34.