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Litvínov
Litvínov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪtviːnof]; German: Leutensdorf) is a town in Most District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 23,000 inhabitants. It is known as an industrial centre. Administrative divisionLitvínov consists of 12 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):[2]
EtymologyThe initial name of the settlement was Lutvínov (in old Czech written as Lutwinow). It was derived from the personal name Lutvín, meaning "Lutvín's (court)". The German name Liutwin, from which the name Lutvín was derived, is made up of Old High German words liut ('people') and wini ('friend').[3] History The first written mention is from 1352. Originally there were two settlements – Horní Litvínov and Dolní Litvínov. In 1715, Count Jan Josef Valdštejn founded a large cloth factory, one of the first in the Czech lands.[4] Litvínov was promoted to a town on 5 October 1852. In the 19th century, the industrialization of Litvínov deepened. Many new factories were established. Toys and wooden goods were made here, cotton was processed. The mining of lignite, which persists to this day, began, and after a new part of the railway was put into operation in 1870, other coal mines were opened. In a short time, a total of 19 mines were built. Employment opportunities attracted many new residents.[4] As a result of the global economic crisis in the 1930s, the largely industrial Litvínov was also severely affected. Production was limited in factories or was completely stopped, and the mines were also affected.[4] In 1939, a large oil refinery was founded south of the town.[5] Demographics
EconomyThe largest oil refinery in the Czech Republic (owned by Orlen Unipetrol) is located there.[5] TransportIn addition to buses, trams also provide public transport. The town operates a transport company together with the neighbouring city of Most.[8] The I/27 road (the section from Most to Dubí) runs through the town. There are two train stations in Litvínov. The station named Litvínov is the terminus and start of a line to Ústí nad Labem. The station named Litvínov město is located on the line Rakovník–Osek.[9] SportLítvínov is a traditional centre of ice hockey. Local club HC Litvínov is a stable part of the top national league (Extraliga) since 1959. Many famous ice hockey players and coaches are connected with HC Litvínov, including 1998 Olympic gold medalists Ivan Hlinka, Vladimír Růžička, Jiří Šlégr, Robert Reichel and Martin Ručinský. Sights  Church of Saint Michael is the oldest and most important state-protected monument of Litvínov. It was built in 1685–1694 in the early Baroque style. The church has been renovated many times, for the first time in 1763. During the major renovation, which took place between 1887 and 1902, the interior was significantly beautified.[10] Waldstein's Castle (also called Litvínov Castle) serves today social and cultural purposes. It was rebuilt into the form of today's Baroque chateau in 1732–1743 by the architect František Maxmilián Kaňka. After the abolition of the castle garden, an English-style castle park with an area of 8 ha (20 acres) was established in 1878. From the end of the 19th century, the castle was used for economic purposes, and since 1964 a museum has been established here.[11] Osada, local part of Horní Litvínov, is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone. It includes a uniform and high-quality urban area with apartment buildings built by the occupation authorities during World War II for employees of the chemical factory in Záluží.[12] Notable people
Twin towns – sister cities
References
External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Litvínov.
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