Alston Moor is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. It contains 90 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these,
three are listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the market town of Alston, the villages of Garrigill and Nenthead, smaller communities, and the surrounding countryside. Nenthead was surrounded by mines, particularly for lead, and some of the listed buildings in and around the village are associated with this industry. Otherwise, most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, shops, public houses, hotels, and churches in and around Alston. There is a series of milestones provided for the local turnpike trust. The other listed buildings include a wayside cross, bridges, a former brewery, a former mill, former railway station buildings, a market cross, municipal buildings, a former bank, two war memorials, and a memorial pump.
The cross is a boundary marker on the border between Cumbria and County Durham, and was moved to its present position in the 18th century. It consists of a single stone about 3 feet (0.91 m) high in the form of a Latin cross, with carved lettering on all faces. It stands on a square base that contains a benchmark.[2]
The inn is in stone with a stone-flag roof, and has two storeys with an attic, and three bays. The central doorway has a chamfered surround and a bracketed cornice. To the left is a two-storey cantedbay window, and to the right is a sash window in each floor. In the roof is an 18th-century dormer with a central mullion, casement windows, a cornice, and a semicircular top with a finial.[3]
The bastle, later converted into a farmhouse, is in sandstone on a plinth, with quoins, and without a roof. There are two storeys and attics, with a byre in the ground floor and living accommodation above. In the south gable wall is an entrance to the byre with chamferedjambs, and a massive curved and chamfered lintel, and on the east front is an entrance to the upper floor, originally reached by external steps. Elsewhere, are the remains of mullioned windows and a blocked slit vent.[4]
A large house incorporating a tower and a former bastle house. The tower is in sandstone, with three storeys and attics, and has quoins and a mouldedcornice. It contains sash windows and a heraldic panel dated 1746, and has a Welsh slate roof. The west range was formerly a two-storey house, and later used as a farm building.[5][6]
A country house that originated as two bastle houses. Extensions were added later in the 17th century, in the 18th century the houses were joined, and there were further additions in the late 19th century. The house is in stone with quoins, and roof of stone-flags and slate. It has an L-shaped plan, with a three-storey tower to the left, a two-storey north wing, and an east wing in Gothic style with one tall storey; all have undercrofts. The windows are mulliond or mullioned and transomed.[5][7]
The hotel was extended to the left in 1746. It is in stone with a stone-flag roof, and has two storeys. The original part has a chamferedplinth, rusticatedquoins, a band, three bays, and a central door. The extension also has three bays, and has a doorway in the left bay, and a cantedoriel window in the upper floor. All the other windows are sashes.[8]
The house was extended in 1890. It is in stone with a stone-flag roof, and has an L-shaped plan, with two storeys and four bays. Above the plank door is an inscribed and dated lintel. To the right of the door is a mullioned window, to the left is a casement window, and in the upper floor are sash windows. To the right is a porch and external staircase that were added later.[9]
Originally an inn, later a shop, it is in incised stucco and has a stone-flagged roof. There are three storeys, a symmetrical front of three bays, a central door, sash windows, and a datestone in the top floor.[10]
A stone house with a stone-flag roof, it is in three storeys with attics, and has three bays. Steps lead up to a doorway in the middle floor, and the windows are sashes. At the top is a gableddormer with decorative bargeboards and an apex finial. [11][12]
A stone house in a row, with quoins at the right end, and a slate roof. It has two storeys, a symmetrical front of three bays, a central doorway in a stone surround, and sash windows.[13]
The meeting house was heightened in 1764, when most of the mullioned windows were replaced by sash windows, and a gabled porch was added in about 1850. The building is in a single storey with three bays, the 1732 lintel has been re-used in the porch, and one two-light mullioned window remains, now blocked.[14][15]
A hotel, formerly Hillcrest Hotel, in stone on a chamferedplinth with quoins and an artificial slate roof. There are two storeys with attics, and eight bays. In the sixth bay is a 20th-century porch, to the right of it are stepped buttresses, and further to the right is a 19th-century cantedbay window that contains windows with pointed heads.[17]
A shop in stone with a roof of artificial slate, it has three storeys and two bays. In the ground floor, to the right are two doorways with traceriedfanlights, and to the left is a shop window, all under a cornice. Above are sash windows.[18]
A shop with a house above, in stone with a stone-flag roof. There are three storeys and two bays. In the ground floor is a doorway and a 19th-century shop window with fluted uprights to the right. To the left are steps with a wrought iron handrail leading up to a house door in the middle floor. There is a sash window to the right of this, and two sash windows in the top floor.[19]
A stone house in a row, with a stone-flag roof. It has two storeys, a symmetrical front of three bays, a central doorway with a fanlight and a rusticated surround, and sash windows.[20]
A stone house on a corner site with a stone-flag roof, in two storeys with an attic. There is one bay on the front facing the road, and two bays in the canted front on the right side. The doorway is on this front, and the windows are sashes.[21]
A stone house with an artificial slate roof, in two storeys and with a symmetrical three-bay front. Steps lead up to a central doorway, and the windows are sashes. To the right is a small plank door, and at the rear are later casement windows.[22]
A stone house with a stone-flag roof, it has three storeys with attics and two bays. In the ground floor is a door, and to the right is a two-storey cantedbay window containing sashes. Above this is a single sash window, and in the attic is a fixed window. Steps lead up to a blocked doorway in the first floor.[23]
The bridge carries a track over the River Nent. It is in stone and consists of a single segmental arch. The bridge has a parapet with flat copings, and a panel inscribed with details of the repair in 1834.[24]
A pair of shops with a stone-flagged roof, four storeys, and sash windows. The shop on the left is stuccoed, it has a symmetrical three-bay front, and a doorway flanked by canted shop windows. The shop on the right is in ashlar with rusticatedquoins and has two bays. In the ground floor is a doorway on the right of a 19th-century shop window with three segmental-headed lights under a cornice carried on consoles.[25]
The buildings are in stone. The farmhouse has quoins and a stone-flag roof. It has two storeys, a symmetrical front of five bays, a central door with a bracketed hood, and sash windows. At the rear is a 19th-century outshut incorporating a re-used lintel dated 1694. To the right is a byre with four windows, and an outshut with a Welsh slate roof.[26]
In front of the garden is a low stone wall with flat coping. In the centre and at the ends are square rusticatedpiers with ogee caps. The gate dates from the 20th century.[27]
A house with a byre below, it is in stone with quoins and a stone-flag roof. There are two storeys with an attic, and three bays. The byre has a plank door, and an external dog-leg stair leads to a door in the upper floor. The attic windows are fixed, and the other windows are sashes.[29]
Originally a house, later a shop, in pebbledashed stone with a stone-flagged roof. It has a front of three storeys and four bays. In the ground floor is a 20th-century lean-to shop front, and to the right is a passage entry. In the upper floors are sash windows.[30]
A shop on a sloping site, in stone with a stone-flag roof. There are three storeys and three bays. In the ground floor, to the left, is a wagon opening, and to the right is a projecting shop front. Above are sash windows, and a window with decorative glazing depicting a pestle and mortar, initials and a date.[31]
A stone house in a row, with quoins at the south end and a stone-flagged roof. There are three storeys and two bays. Steps lead up to the doorway in the middle floor, and the windows are sashes. In front of the area are cast iron railings, a central gate, and standards with fleur-de-lis heads.[32]
A stone house in a row, with quoins at the north end and a stone-flagged roof. There are three storeys and two bays. Steps lead up to the doorway in the middle floor, and the windows are sashes.[33]
A stone house in a row, with quoins at the north end and a slate roof. There are two storeys and two bays. Above the door is a traceriedfanlight, and the windows are sashes.[35]
The chapel, also known as Redwing Chapel, became redundant in about 1977. It is in stone with quoins and has a stone-flag roof. The chapel has a single storey, and a lean-to was added later at the west end. In the east wall is a doorway with a chamfered surround and a dated lintel. On the south side are four round-arched windows with moulded surrounds.[36][37]
The structure has been rebuilt and re-erected on a number of occasions. In the centre is a replacement cross shaft on the site of the original cross. It is surrounded by a square canopy on eight Tuscan columns carrying a pyramidal stone-flag roof with a lantern at the apex. There are inscriptions on the shaft detailing the history of the cross.[14][38]
The bird house is by a pool in the garden of the hall, and is in stone with quoins and a hipped Welsh slate roof. It has three storeys and an entrance in the middle floor. In the ground floor is an elliptical arch with a projecting keystone for waterfowl, above are hen openings with triangular heads, and under the eaves are dove holes.[39][40]
A water-powered corn mill by John Smeaton, extended by 1775 and later increased in height. It is in sandstone with quoins, and has roofs of Welsh slate and stone-slate. The mill has an L-shaped plan, with four storeys, four bays, and a slightly projecting enclosed rectangular wheelhouse to the west. Most of the windows are casements, and there is an entrance in the east front. Inside the wheelhouse is a water wheel in cast iron and timber, with a diameter of 21 feet (6.4 m) and a width of 26 inches (660 mm), containing about 60 wooden buckets.[5][41]
At the entrance to the drive leading to the hall are quadrant drystone walls with flat copings. At the ends, and flanking the drive, are ashlarpiers with pyramidal caps. The wooden gate dates from the 20th century.[42]
Originally two cottages, later combined into one house, it is in stone with a stone-flag roof. There are three storeys and four bays. On the front are two panelled doors in the centre, and the windows are sashes.[43]
Formally two houses, later combined into one, it is in stone with a stone-flag roof. There are two storeys with attics, and four bays. On the front is a plank door in an openwork porch, with one casement window to the left and two to the right. In the upper floor are two sash windows, a blocked window between them above the door, and three two-light windows in the attics.[44]
Originally a large private house, later a hotel, it is built at right angles to the road. The hotel is in stone on a chamferedplinth, and has quoins and a stone-flag roof. There are two storeys with a basement, and a symmetrical front of five bays. Steps lead up to a central doorway with a fanlight, and the windows are sashes. At the rear is a stair window with a four-centred head. To the north, and at right angles, a former barn with inserted windows has been integrated into the hotel.[45]
A stone cottage at the end of a row with a stone-flag roof. There are two storeys with an attic and two bays. On the right is a plank door, and on the left is a sash window in each floor and a two-light attic window above.[46]
The brewmaster's house and the former brewery buildings are in stone with roofs of slate and stone-slate. The house has two storeys, cellars and basements, three bays, and a doorcase with Tuscan columns and a pediment. The other structures comprise a former tavern, a waterwheel house, a wine, spirit and beer store, a brewhouse, a cooperage, cottages, a transport house that originally accommodated stables on the ground floor and a hayloft above, and a reservoir.[47]
A stone house with quoins and a slate roof, it has two storeys and a symmetrical front of three bays. The central doorway has a rectangular fanlight, and the windows are sashes.[48]
The farmhouse is in stone with quoins and a stone-flag roof. There are two storeys, a symmetrical three-bay front, a central doorway with a stone surround, and sash windows.[49]
This originated as a house with a byre below. It is in stone with some brick, and has a stone-flag roof. There are three storeys and two bays. In the ground floor is a door to the byre, and steps lead up to a house door in the middle floor. The windows are sashes.[50]
The vicarage and stable block are in stone with quoins and slate roofs; the house has copedgables. The house has two storeys, a symmetrical front of three bays, a central doorway with a stone surround, and sash windows. At the rear is a stair windows with a semicircular head. To the right, and recessed, is a lower two-storey stable block, and in the junction with the house is a lean-to.[51]
A stone house with a slate roof, in two storeys and with a symmetrical front of three bays. In the centre is a doorway with a rusticated surround, and the windows are sashes in stone surrounds. At the rear is an outshut with two 20th-century dormers.[52]
Originally two houses, later combined into one, on a corner site, it is in stone with a stone-slate roof and stone copings. There are two storeys and an east front of four bays. The windows are sashes.[53]
The powder magazine was later used as a farm building. It is in stone with walls between 18 inches (460 mm) and 20 inches (510 mm) think, and it has a thick pyramidal stone roof. The building has a square plan, it includes a doorway and small windows, probably enlarged ventilation slits, and there are other inserted openings.[54]
Originally a toll house, later a private house, it is in stone with quoins and a stone-flag roof. It has two storeys, a symmetrical three-bay front, a central door, and sash windows.[55]
The walls are in stone with segmental coping on the south and west sides of the garden. In the centre of the south wall are gate piers with pyramidal caps. The wall on the west side rises to form a wall of an outbuilding, later used as a garage. This has quoins and a hippedslate roof.[56]
The milestone was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust and is set into the wall in front of the Town Hall. It has an elliptical top, and is about 4 feet (1.2 m) high by about 2 feet (0.61 m) wide. It is painted white and is inscribed with "ALSTON" and the distances in miles to Hexham, Penrith, Brampton, Middleton, and Stanhope.[57]
The milestone is on the A689 road and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with an elliptical top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Nenthead, Alston and Copthill.[58]
The milestone is on the A689 road and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with an elliptical top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Alston and Nenthead.[59]
The milestone is on the A689 road and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with a semicircular top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Alston and Nenthead.[60]
The milestone is on the A689 road and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with a semicircular top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Nenthead, Cowshill and Stanhope.[61]
The milestone is on the A686 road to the north of Alston, and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with an elliptical top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Alston, Haydon Bridge and Hexham.[62]
The milestone is on the A686 road to the north of Alston, and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with an elliptical top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Alston, Haydon Bridge and Hexham.[63]
The milestone is on the A686 road to the south of Alston, and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with an elliptical top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Alston and Penrith.[64]
The milestone is on the A686 road to the south of Alston, and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with an elliptical top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Alston and Penrith.[65]
The milestone is on the B6277 road and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with an elliptical top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Alston and Middleton. On the top is a benchmark.[66]
The milestone is on the B6277 road and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with a semicircular top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Alston and Middleton.[67]
The milestone is on the B6277 road and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with a semicircular top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Alston and Middleton.[68]
The milestone is on the B6277 road and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with an elliptical top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Alston and Middleton. At the bottom is a benchmark.[69]
The milestone is on the B6277 road and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with an elliptical top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed in damaged lettering with the distances in miles to Alston and Middleton.[70]
The milestone is on the B6277 road and was provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It is in stone with an elliptical top, and is about 2 feet (0.61 m) high by 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Alston and Middleton.[71]
The bridge carries the A689 road over Gilderdale Beck, and crosses the county boundary with Northumberland. The bridge is in stone, and consists of a single tall segmental arch with pilasterbuttresses on each side. The parapet has flat coping, and there are curved lead-ups that have low end piers with chamfered capstones. In the centre of each parapet is an inscribed and dated stone.[72]
A stone house with quoins and a hipped Welsh slate roof. It has two storeys, a symmetrical front of three bays, and two bays on the sides. Above the central doorway is a hood on brackets, and the windows are sashes.[76]
The milestone is on the A686 road to the north of Alston, and was probably provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It consists of a stone about 2.5 feet (0.76 m) high with two angled front faces and an angled top. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Haydon Bridge, Alston, and Hexham.[79]
The milestone is on the A686 road to the south of Alston, and was possibly provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It consists of a stone about 2.5 feet (0.76 m) high with two angled front faces and an angled top. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Alston, Melmberby, and Penrith. On the top at the rear is a benchmark.[80]
The milestone is on the B6277 road and was probably provided for the Alston Turnpike Trust. It consists of a stone about 2.5 feet (0.76 m) high with two angled front faces and an angled top. The milestone is inscribed with the distances in miles to Ashgillhead, Alston, and Middleton.[81]
The goods shed was built to serve the Alston branch of the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway. It is in stone, and has stepped diagonal buttressing and a hipped Welsh slate roof. In the north and south walls are train arches, in the east wall are two arches for access to the wagons, and in the west wall are three fixed windows.[a][11][82]
Station buildings and a stationmaster's house for the Alston branch of the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, they are in stone with Welsh slate roofs, and are in Tudor style. They have two storeys, and a symmetrical front of four bays. The outer bays project forward and are gabled; they each contain a door with a four-centred arched head, and a three-light mullioned window above. The middle two bays have two-light mullioned windows; all the windows and doorways have hood moulds. On the platform front, the house has a bay window.[11][83]
The reading room was built by the London Lead Company, it was enlarged in 1859, and has since been used for other purposes. It is in stone with a stone-flag roof, it has a single storey, sash windows, and has a curved southwest corner. On the north side is an outshut porch, and in the west wall are inscribed panels.[b][84]
A group of municipal buildings in Gothic style. They are in stone on a plinth, with quoins, a string course, and slate roofs with stone copings. It has two storeys and attics, an asymmetrical front of five bays, and mullioned and transomed windows. In the centre is a clock tower that has a doorway with a pointed head, and a pyramidal roof with lucarnes. To the right is the library with a large window in the upper floor, flanked by niches. The west front is symmetrical with three bays and a central dormer.[14][85]
The church is in Italianate style. It is in sandstone and has a Lakelandslate roof with copedgables and a wrought ironfinial. In the entrance front are paired round-arched doorways with chamferedjambs, mouldedimposts and keyedarchivolts. The flanking windows and those in the storey above have similar surrounds. Above the doors is an inscribed panel. On the south front, facing the road are four flat-headed windows in the ground floor and four round-headed windows above; all the windows are casements. At the north end is a single-storey extension with a hipped roof.[87][88]
The pump and canopy) are in cast iron and stand in the centre of Nenthead. The pump is cylindrical, fluted and about 2.5 feet (0.76 m) high, with a bucket rest and lion's head spout. The canopy has four columns with detailing in Classical, Egyptian and Gothic styles, and they support a ribbed dome with a finial. On the sides are inscribed plaques, and on the corners are obelisk finials.[87][89]
The building is in red sandstone with dressings in buff sandstone, a corbelledeavescornice and a Welsh slate roof. There are three storeys, a front of four bays with the house in the left two bays, and the bank to the right, and a two-storey rear range. The left bay contains a two-storey bay window, above which is a two-light window and a gablet with a datestone, kneelers and ball finials. In the right bay is a semicircular porch with Corinthianpilasters, an egg and dartcornice, a parapet and a balustrade. At the top of the bay is a parapet with a small pediment. To the left of the porch is a three-light mullioned and transomed window with a pediment, and in the second bay is a doorway with a fanlight. Most of the windows have ornate lintels and aprons with scrolled carving.[90][91]
The war memorial stands in a semicircular paved area at a road junction. It is in Westmorlandlimestone, and is in the form of an obelisk about 3 metres (9.8 ft) high on a tall plinth with a moulded cap and with four carved wreaths at the base. On the plinth is an inscription and the names of those lost in the two World Wars. The paving in the area is in Penrith red sandstone.[92]
The war memorial is in an enclosure at a road junction. It is in grey granite, and consists of a Latin cross with Celtic knotwork carved on the cross and the front of the shaft. The cross is on a rough-hewn plinth on a rusticated base. Carved on the plinth is an inscription and sheathed sword through a wreath in relief.[93]
Drystone walls run in front of the gardens of the three houses and have flat coping. There are four gate openings, and the gateposts are slabs with semicircular heads.[94]
A drystone wall surrounds the burial ground. It is about 4 feet (1.2 m) high and has semicircular coping. In the east wall is a 20th-century wooden gate.[95]
The low stone walls are in front and to the south of the forecourt, and have copings resembling battlements. The stone gate piers are rusticated and have small ball finials. To the left of the gate is the original boot scraper.[96]
The drystone walls are on three sides in front of the meeting house, and are mainly 4 feet (1.2 m) high with triangular copings. On the east side is a wooden gate in a section of wall with flat coping, and towards the meeting house the wall is about 8 feet (2.4 m) high with segmental coping.[97]
At the entrance to the churchyard are low stone walls with chamferedcoping. The gate piers are rectangular and have gabled caps and moulded ridges. On the piers are 20th-century wrought iron lamps, and the wooden gates have carved heraldic panels.[98]
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