Nunataks, also called glacial islands, are exposed portions of ridges, mountains, or peaks not covered with ice or snow within (or at the edge of) an ice field or glacier.[1]Nunataks present readily identifiable landmark reference points in glaciers or ice caps and are often named. The term is derived from the Inuit word, nunataq.
The Hettene Nunataks (coordinates: 71°45′S 26°25′E) are a group of nunataks at the west side of Hette Glacier in the Sør Rondane Mountains of Antarctica. They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers in 1957 from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named Hettene (the caps).[14]
Holane Nunataks
The Holane Nunataks (coordinates: 71°58′S 0°29′E) are two isolated nunataks lying about 20 nautical miles (40 km) west of the northern extremity of the Sverdrup Mountains, in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were mapped and named by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59).[15]
Isrosene Nunataks
The Isrosene Nunataks (coordinates: 71°53′S 26°35′E) are two nunataks 6 miles (10 km) west-northwest of Balchen Mountain, protruding through the western part of Byrdbreen in the Sør Rondane Mountains of Antarctica. They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers in 1957 from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named "Isrosene" (the ice roses).[16]
Jare IV Nunataks
The Jare IV Nunataks (coordinates: 71°38′S 36°0′E) are a group of four aligned nunataks situated 3 nautical miles (6 km) north-northeast of Mount Gaston de Gerlache in the Queen Fabiola Mountains of Antarctica. They were discovered on October 7, 1960, by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Guido Derom, and were named by Derom after the fourth Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE IV); in November–December 1960 a field party of the Japanese expedition reached this area and carried out geodetic and other scientific work.[17]
Jarl Nunataks
The Jarl Nunataks (coordinates: 71°55′S 3°18′E) are a small group of nunataks 3 nautical miles (6 km) north of Risen Peak which mark the northeastern extremity of the Gjelsvik Mountains in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were mapped from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named for Jarl Tonnesen, a meteorologist with the expedition (1956–58).[18]
Knattebrauta Nunataks
The Knattebrauta Nunataks (coordinates: 72°27′S 0°18′E) are a line of nunataks trending northeast–southwest lying 4 nautical miles (7 km) north of the Robin Heights in the Sverdrup Mountains, Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39), mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Knattebrauta (the crag slope).[19]
Kvassknatten Nunatak (coordinates: 72°27′S 0°20′E) is one of the Knattebrauta Nunataks. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Kvassknatten (the sharp crag).[20]
Litvillingane Rocks
The Litvillingane Rocks (coordinates: 71°52′S 1°44′W) are two isolated nunataks, the eastern with a small outlier, lying 3 nautical miles (6 km) south of Bolten Peak, on the east side of Ahlmann Ridge in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Litvillingane (the mountainside twins).[21]
Filsponen Nunatak (coordinates: 72°12′S 14°25′E) is a nunatak rising northeast of Steinfila Nunatak in the southern part of the Payer Mountains in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Filsponen (the filings).[32]
Komandnaya Nunatak (coordinates: 72°12′S 14°31′E) is the eastern and highest of the Rokhlin Nunataks, located in the southern part of the Payer Mountains in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was discovered and plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. The nunatak was mapped from air photos and surveys collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61 and named Gora Komandnaya (Russian for "command mountain").[33]
Skruvestikka Nunatak (coordinates: 72°11′S 14°27′E) is a nunatak just eastward of Filsponen Nunatak at the south end of the Payer Mountains, in Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Skruvestikka (the screwdriver).[34]
Båken Nunatak (coordinates: 71°18′S 2°57′W) is a small, isolated nunatak surmounting the north part of Bakeneset Headland in Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and from air photos by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) (NBSAE), and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59), and named "Båken" (the "beacon").[37]
Dalten Nunatak (coordinates: 72°23′S 3°42′W) is a nunatak about 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) east-southeast of Dilten Nunatak and 7 nautical miles (13 km) northwest of Borg Mountain in Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE.[41]
Dilten Nunatak (coordinates: 72°22′S 3°47′W) is a nunatak about 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) west-northwest of Dalten Nunatak and 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Borg Mountain in Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE and named Dilten.[42]
Drabanten Nunatak (coordinates: 73°54′S 5°55′W) is a nunatak about 10 nautical miles (20 km) west of Tunga Spur, just north of the Kirwan Escarpment in Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE and additional air photos (1958–59), and named Drabanten (the satellite).[43]
Fjomet Nunatak (coordinates: 73°25′S 2°55′W) is an isolated nunatak about 8 nautical miles (15 km) east-southeast of Mount Hallgren, along the Kirwan Escarpment of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Fjomet.[46]
Fløymannen Nunatak (coordinates: 73°9′S 2°14′W) is a nunatak just north of the west end of the Neumayer Cliffs in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by NBSAE and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Fløymannen (the wing man).[47]
Førstefjell (coordinates: 71°50′S 5°43′W) is a nunatak about 5 nautical miles (10 km) north of Førstefjellsrabben, in the northwest part of Giaever Ridge in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE and named Førstefjell (first mountain).[49]
Førstefjellsrabben (coordinates: 71°55′S 5°49′W) is a nunatak about 5 nautical miles (10 km) south of Førstefjell, in the northwest part of Giaever Ridge in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE, and named Førstefjellsrabben (Førstefjell hill) in association with Førstefjell.[50]
Framrabben Nunatak (coordinates: 72°29′S 3°52′W) is a nunatak about 3 nautical miles (6 km) west-northwest of Borg Mountain in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE and named Framrabben (the forward nunatak).[51]
Gråsteinen Nunatak (coordinates: 71°57′S 2°0′W) is a nunatak 7 nautical miles (13 km) southwest of the Litvillingane Rocks, on the east side of Ahlmann Ridge in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Gråsteinen (the gray stone).[56]
Hans-Martin Nunatak (coordinates: 71°37′S 8°56′E) is a nunatak about 3 nautical miles (6 km) south of the Henriksen Nunataks in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named for Hans-Martin Henriksen, a meteorological assistant with the expedition (1956–58).[57]
Hesteskoen Nunatak (coordinates: 71°52′S 27°15′E) is a horseshoe-shaped nunatak, 2,350 metres (7,700 ft) high, standing 4 nautical miles (7 km) north of Balchen Mountain in the Sør Rondane Mountains of Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers in 1946 from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and in 1957 from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47; it was named Hesteskoen (the horseshoe) by the Norwegians.[58]
Kista Nunatak (coordinates: 69°47′S 37°17′E) is a nunatak 0.5 nautical miles (1 km) south of Såta Nunatak, standing at the east side of Fletta Bay along the southwest coast of Lützow-Holm Bay, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and named Kista (the chest).[59]
Lars Nunatak (coordinates: 71°52′S 4°13′E) is a nunatak about 5 nautical miles (9 km) west of Skigarden Ridge in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named for Lars Hochlin, a dog driver and radio operator with the expedition (1956–58).[61]
Marsteinen Nunatak (coordinates: 71°26′S 1°42′W) is a coastal nunatak 6 nautical miles (11 km) northeast of Valken Hill, at the north end of Ahlmann Ridge in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Marsteinen (the sea stone).[62]
Odde Nunatak (coordinates: 72°2′S 10°42′E) is a nunatak on the east side of Glopeflya Plain near the Orvin Mountains. It is the northernmost of a small chain of nunataks, and was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos during the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60), It was named for Odde Gjeruldsen, who was a scientific assistant with the expedition.[64]
Passat Nunatak (coordinates: 71°18′S 3°55′W) is a nunatak (145 m) nearly 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) northeast of Boreas Nunatak at the mouth of Schytt Glacier in Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the German Antarctic Expedition under Ritscher, 1938–39, and named after Passat, one of the Dornier flying boats of the expedition.[67]