List of most expensive music videos

With a budget of $7 million, "Scream" by Michael Jackson (left) and Janet Jackson (right) is the most expensive music video of all time—both nominally and adjusted for inflation.

This article lists the most expensive music videos ever made, with costs of $500,000 or more, from those whose budgets have been disclosed.

David Bowie's video for the 1980 single "Ashes to Ashes" was the first music video to exceed this sum. Janet Jackson and Britney Spears have six videos each on the list, while Michael Jackson and Ayumi Hamasaki have five each. Madonna has made three appearances in the top five, and five total, making her the artist with the most expensive videos of all time combined. TLC, Mariah Carey, Kanye West, Busta Rhymes, Guns N' Roses, Mylène Farmer and MC Hammer appear on the list twice.

Joseph Kahn has directed seven, Paul Hunter has directed four, while Hype Williams, Cha Eun Taek and Wataru Takeishi have directed three. Nigel Dick, Mark Romanek and John Landis appear twice, the latter with videos both for Michael Jackson. This list only includes music videos with an announced or reported budget.

Romanek, who made Michael and Janet Jackson's "Scream", which was claimed to be one of the most expensive music videos ever made, has since denied this claim, saying that there were two other music videos from the same era which cost "millions more" than "Scream".[1] In a 2017 interview, Mick Garris, a writer for Michael Jackson's Ghosts stated that after several years of production development for the Ghosts short film: "It became the most expensive music video ever made...it ended up coming in at about $15 million, all of it out of Michael's pocket."[2]

Most expensive music videos

  Indicates the title was the most expensive of all time at the time of production

  Indicates non-English-language music videos

Most expensive music videos

Rank	Title	Artist(s)	Director	Year	Cost (est.)		Ref
					Nominal	Adjusted
1	"Scream"	Michael Jackson & Janet Jackson	Mark Romanek	1995	$7,000,000	$13,996,943	[3][4]
2	"Die Another Day"	Madonna	Traktor	2002	$6,100,000	$10,333,321
3	"Express Yourself"		David Fincher	1989	$5,000,000	$12,289,933
	"Bedtime Story"		Mark Romanek	1995	$5,000,000	$9,997,816
5	"Estranged"	Guns N' Roses	Andy Morahan	1993	$5,000,000	$10,545,957
6	"Black or White"	Michael Jackson	John Landis	1991	$4,000,000	$8,947,960
	"You Rock My World"	Michael Jackson	Paul Hunter	2001	$4,000,000	$6,882,917	[5]
	"Make Me Like You"	Gwen Stefani	Sophie Muller	2016	$4,000,000	$5,078,203	[6]
8	"Feels Like I'm Falling in Love"	Coldplay	Ben Mor	2024	$3,548,100	$3,548,100	[7][8][9]
9	"Cartoon Heroes"	Aqua	Thomas Masin	2000	$3,500,000	$6,192,464	^[citation needed]
10	"Rollin' (Air Raid Vehicle)"	Limp Bizkit	Fred Durst	2000	$3,000,000	$4,614,581	[10]
11	"Victory"	Puff Daddy (featuring The Notorious B.I.G. & Busta Rhymes)	Marcus Nispel	1998	$2,700,000	$5,047,203	[11]
12	"2 Legit 2 Quit"	MC Hammer	Rupert Wainwright	1991	$2,500,000	$5,592,475	[12]
	"Heartbreaker"	Mariah Carey (featuring Jay-Z)	Brett Ratner	1999	$2,500,000	$4,572,513	[13]
	"Doesn't Really Matter"	Janet Jackson	Joseph Kahn	2000	$2,500,000	$4,572,513	[14]
15	"What's It Gonna Be?!"	Busta Rhymes (featuring Janet Jackson)	Hype Williams	1999	$2,400,000	$4,389,612	[15]
16	"It's All Coming Back to Me Now"	Celine Dion	Nigel Dick	1996	$2,300,000	$4,468,237	[16]
17	"Bad"	Michael Jackson	Martin Scorsese	1987	$2,200,000	$5,900,176	[16]
18	"Larger Than Life"	Backstreet Boys	Joseph Kahn	1999	$2,100,000	$3,840,911	[16]
19	"Remember the Time"	Michael Jackson	John Singleton	1992	$2,000,000	$4,342,424	[16]
	"Honey"	Mariah Carey	Paul Hunter	1997	$2,000,000	$3,796,020	[17]
	"Miami"	Will Smith	Wayne Isham	1999	$2,000,000	$3,658,010	^[citation needed]
	"She's a Bitch"	Missy Elliott	Hype Williams	1999	$2,000,000	$3,658,010	^[citation needed]
	"Freeek!"	George Michael	Joseph Kahn	2002	$2,000,000	$3,387,974	[18]
	"My Name's Women"	Ayumi Hamasaki	Wataru Takeishi	2005	$2,000,000	$3,120,123	[16]
	"Fairyland"		Wataru Takeishi	2005	$2,000,000	$3,120,123	[19]
26	"Me Against the Music"	Britney Spears (featuring Madonna)	Paul Hunter	2003	$1,750,000	$2,898,517	[20]
27	"Green"	Ayumi Hamasaki	Kazuyoshi Shimomura	2008	$1,600,000	$2,808,110	[21]
	"Unpretty"	TLC	Paul Hunter	1999	$1,600,000	$2,926,408	[22]
29	"November Rain"	Guns N' Roses	Andy Morahan	1992	$1,500,000	$3,256,818	[23]
	"Girlfriend/Boyfriend"	Blackstreet & Janet Jackson (featuring Eve & Ja Rule)	Joseph Kahn	1999	$1,500,000	$2,743,508	[16]
	"Give Me All Your Luvin'"	Madonna (featuring Nicki Minaj & M.I.A.)	Megaforce	2012	$1,500,000	$1,990,723	[24]
32	"Here Comes the Hammer"	MC Hammer	MC Hammer	1990	$1,000,000	$2,332,145	[25]
	"Ready or Not"	Fugees	Marcus Nispel	1996	$1,300,000	$2,525,525	^[citation needed]
34	"Work Bitch"[a]	Britney Spears	Ben Mor	2013	$1,200,000	$1,569,600	[26]
	"Stronger"	Kanye West	Hype Williams	2007	$1,200,000	$1,763,312	[27]
36	"I'm Not Perfect (But I'm Perfect for You)"	Grace Jones	Grace Jones	1986	$1,200,000	$3,335,519	[28]
37	"Jewel"	Ayumi Hamasaki	Wataru Takeishi	2006	$1,100,000	$1,662,529	^[citation needed]
38	"Party All Night"	Yo Yo Honey Singh & Meet Bros	Anthony D'Souza	2013	$1,025,000	$1,655,352	[29]
	"Hurt"	Oliver Tree	Oliver Tree	2018	$1,024,000	$1,242,479	^[citation needed]
40	"The Wild Boys"	Duran Duran	Russell Mulcahy	1984	$1,000,000	$2,932,735	^[citation needed]
	"Dominion/Mother Russia"	The Sisters of Mercy	Andrew Eldritch	1988	$1,000,000	$2,576,252	^[citation needed]
	"Love Is Strong"	The Rolling Stones	David Fincher	1994	$1,000,000	$2,055,680	^[citation needed]
	"Waterfalls"	TLC	F. Gary Gray	1995	$1,000,000	$1,999,563	^[citation needed]
	"I Get Lonely" (remix)	Janet Jackson	Paul Hunter	1998	$1,000,000	$1,869,334	^[citation needed]
	"L'Âme-stram-gram"	Mylène Farmer	Ching Siu-tung	1999	$1,000,000	$1,829,005	^[citation needed]
	"Love"	S.E.S.	Hong JongHo	1999	$1,000,000	$1,829,005	^[citation needed]
	"Thong Song" (remix)	Sisqó & Foxy Brown	Little X	2000	$1,000,000	$1,769,275	^[citation needed]
	"Don't Say Goodbye"	Paulina Rubio	The Brothers Strause	2002	$1,000,000	$1,693,987	[30]
	"Toxic"	Britney Spears	Joseph Kahn	2004	$1,000,000	$1,613,108	[31]
	"Touch the Sky"	Kanye West (featuring Lupe Fiasco)	Chris Milk	2006	$1,000,000	$1,511,390	[32]
	"Call on Me"	Janet Jackson & Nelly	Hype Williams	2006	$1,000,000	$1,511,390	[33]
	"Virgin Road"	Ayumi Hamasaki	Masashi Muto	2010	$1,000,000	$1,397,223	^[citation needed]
	"A New Day Has Come"	Celine Dion	Dave Meyers	2002	$1,000,000	$1,354,438	^[citation needed]
	"Cry Cry/Lovey Dovey"	T-ara	Cha Eun Taek	2011	$1,000,000	$1,354,438	[34]
	"The Ghost of You"	My Chemical Romance	Marc Webb	2005	$1,000,000	$1,354,438	[35]
56	"God's Plan"	Drake	Karena Evans	2018	$996,632	$1,209,271	[36]
57	"One Shot"	B.A.P	Kang Ji Won & Kim Ki-bum	2013	$915,000	$1,196,820	[34]
58	"Honey Honey"	Gangkiz	Cha Eun Taek	2012	$900,000	$1,194,434	^[citation needed]
59	"Destiny"	Infinite	Hong Won-ki	2013	$890,000	$1,164,120	[34]
60	"Kilimanjaro"	A. R. Rahman, Javed Ali, & Chinmayi	S. Shankar	2010	$875,000	$1,222,570	[29]
61	"Malang"	Pritam (featuring Siddharth Mahadevan & Shilpa Rao)	Vijay Krishna Acharya	2013	$850,000	$1,655,352	[37]
62	"Super Lady"	(G)I-dle	Son Seung-hee	2024	$820,000	$820,000	[38]
63	"Heartbeat of Love"	Pia Zadora	Dominic Sena	1989	$800,000	$1,966,389	[39]
	"Saturnz Barz"	Gorillaz	Jamie Hewlett	2017	$800,000	$994,407	[40]
	"Triumph"	Wu-Tang Clan	Brett Ratner	1997	$800,000	$1,518,408	[41]
66	"California"	Mylène Farmer	Abel Ferrara	1996	$788,000	$1,530,857	[42]
67	"Applause"	Lady Gaga	Vinoodh Matadin	2013	$767,000	$1,003,236	[43]
68	"Push It"	Garbage	Andrea Giacobbe	1998	$750,000	$1,402,001	[44]
	"Oops!... I Did It Again"	Britney Spears	Nigel Dick	2000	$750,000	$1,326,957	[45]
70	"Sad Promise"	Speed	Cha Eun Taek	2012	$706,000	$936,967	[46]
71	"Pillow Talking"	Lil' Dicky	Tony Yacenda	2017	$700,000	$870,106	[47]
72	"Tunak Tunak Tun"	Daler Mehndi	Daler Mehndi	1998	$610,000	$1,519,780	[48][49]
73	"Ashes to Ashes"	David Bowie	David Bowie and David Mallet	1980	$581,000	$2,148,480	[50]
74	"Azeem-O-Shaan Shahenshah"	A.R. Rahman & Javed Akhtar (featuring Mohammed Aslam & Bonnie Chakraborty)	Ashutosh Gowariker	2008	$575,000	$1,955,993	[51][52]
75	"The Centre of the Heart"	Roxette	Jonas Akerlund	2001	$575,000	$2,793,391	[53]
76	"Dola Re Dola"	Ismail Darbar, Shreya Ghoshal, & KK	Sanjay Leela Bhansali	2002	$514,300	$2,832,473	[51][54]
77	"Thriller"	Michael Jackson	John Landis	1983	$500,000	$1,529,569	[55]
78	"Livin' la Vida Loca"	Ricky Martin	Wayne Isham	1999	$500,000	$914,503	[56]
79	"Piece of Me"	Britney Spears	Wayne Isham	2007	$500,000	$734,714	[57]
80	"Hold It Against Me"		Jonas Åkerlund	2011	$500,000	$677,219	[58]
81	"Come Back Home"	2NE1	Dee Shin	2014	$470,000	$604,909	[59]
82	"Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya"	Naushad, Shakeel Badayuni, Lata Mangeshkar	K. Asif	1960	$320,000	$3,295,748	[60][61]

Most expensive of all time at the time of production

Timeline of most expensive music videos

Year	Title	Artist(s)	Director	Cost (est.)		Ref
				Nominal	Adjusted
1960	"Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya"	Naushad, Shakeel Badayuni, Lata Mangeshkar	K. Asif	$320,000	$3,295,748	[62][63]
1980	"Ashes to Ashes"	David Bowie	David Bowie and David Mallet	$582,000	$2,152,178	[50]
1984	"The Wild Boys"	Duran Duran	Russell Mulcahy	$1,000,000	$2,932,735
1986	"I'm Not Perfect (But I'm Perfect for You)"	Grace Jones	Grace Jones	$1,200,000	$3,335,519	[28]
1987	"Bad"	Michael Jackson	Martin Scorsese	$2,200,000	$5,900,176
1989	"Express Yourself"	Madonna	David Fincher	$5,000,000	$12,289,933	[3][4]
1995	"Bedtime Story"		Mark Romanek		$9,997,816
	"Scream"	Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson		$7,000,000	$13,996,943

See also

• Vevo Certified Award
• Lists of most expensive items by category
  • List of most expensive albums
  • List of largest music deals
  • List of most valuable records

Notes

1. Industry insiders from Planet Hollywood reported that the music video's total production and editing costs amounted to $6.5 million, as stipulated by the contract Spears signed in her residency requirements, making it the second most expensive music video of all time. Later, the director disclaimed the costs; they were not nearly to $6.5 million at all.

References

Citations

1. Tewksbury, Drew (September 16, 2010). "Mark Romanek: 'Never Let Me Go' Director On His Music Video Career : The Record". NPR. Archived from the original on January 29, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
2. S, M. "How Hocus Pocus writer Mick Garris went from 'Thriller' extra to Michael Jackson collaborator". EW. Archived from the original on October 16, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
3. Mclntyre, Hugh (August 24, 2015). "The 5 Most Expensive Music Videos Of All Time". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 10, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
4. "Six Very Expensive Music Videos (and a cheap one)". This Day in Music. August 8, 2018. Archived from the original on December 21, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2020. We blame Michael Jackson. Ever since his 1983 – 13 minute and 43 second long "Thriller" video, artists have attempted to make something bigger and better
5. "Jacko Recruits Brando, Sopranos for Video". ABC News.
6. "Make Me Like You (Gwen Stefani song)":
   • Gensler, Andy (February 22, 2016). "Down to Brass Tacks: Gwen Stefani's $12 Million Live Music Video for Target New Centerpiece to a Emerging Trend". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 9, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
   • Tacopino, Joe (July 16, 2012). "No Doubt Cast Themselves as Truckers in 'Settle Down' Video". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
7. "Coldplay: Όλα Όσα Έγιναν Στο Χθεσινό Γύρισμα Του Μουσικού Τους Βίντεο Στο Ηρώδειο" [Coldplay: Everything That Happened at Yesterday's Shooting of Their Music Video at the Herodion]. Proto Thema (in Greek). June 11, 2024. Archived from the original on June 12, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2024.
8. "Coldplay: Το Υπέροχο Βίντεο Κλιπ Στο Ηρώδειο Για Το feelslikeimfallinginlove" [Coldplay: The Wonderful Video Clip in Herodion for Feels Like I'm Falling in Love]. To Vima (in Greek). July 2, 2024. Archived from the original on August 16, 2024. Retrieved August 16, 2024.
9. "Coldplay Debuts New Song with Little Simz at Glastonbury". Vulture. June 29, 2024. Archived from the original on August 16, 2024. Retrieved August 16, 2024.
10. NME (January 4, 2001). "ROLLIN' WITH IT!". NME. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
11. "Victory (Puff Daddy song)":
    • Brown, Preezy (July 1, 2017). "Bad Boy For Life: 20 Facts About Puff Daddy & The Family's 'No Way Out'". Vice. Archived from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
    • Wong, Alex (August 9, 2017). "Puff Daddy declared himself a superstar on No Way Out". A. Side. Archived from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020. In 1997, No Way Out was the quintessential Bad Boy Record. In 2017, it's a certified classic
12. "2 Legit 2 Quit (MC Hammer song)":
    • Gusev, Rodion (June 2, 2015). "15 Minutes Of Shame: MC Hammer's '2 Legit 2 Quit'". Digg. Archived from the original on June 13, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
    • Strauss, Chriss (December 26, 2013). "MC Hammer's "2 Legit 2 Quit" video featured some of the best athlete and celebrity cameos of all-time". ForTheWin. Archived from the original on March 3, 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
13. Flick, Larry (October 16, 1999). "'Rainbow' Displays Array Of Styles". Billboard. Vol. 111, no. 42. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. p. 101. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved March 16, 2011.*"The Most Expensive Music Videos Ever Made: Mariah Carey – Heartbreaker". MSN Music. MSN. October 17, 2009. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved March 18, 2011.
14. "Doesn't Really Matter (Janet Jackson song)":
    • "Janet Jackson: Doesn't Really Matter". Making the Video. Season 3. Episode 2. June 28, 2000. MTV.
    • Bather, Luke (June 2, 2015). "The 5 Artists With the Most Expensive Music Videos of All Time". Highsnobiety. Archived from the original on February 6, 2023. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
15. "The Most Expensive Music Videos Of All Time". Insider. Archived from the original on February 7, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
16. Runtagh, Jordan (September 26, 2013). "The 25 Most Expensive Music Videos Ever Made". VH1. Archived from the original on October 1, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
17. Carey, Mariah; Davis, Michaela Angela (2020). The meaning of Mariah Carey (1st ed.). Henry Holt and Company. p. 215. ISBN 978-1-250-16468-1. OCLC 1157767321. Archived from the original on May 3, 2022. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
18. "George Michael - "Freeek!"". Online Music Videos. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
19. 制作費2億4千万のPV『fairyland』歌姫浜崎あゆみ [PV “fairyland” diva Ayumi Hamasaki with a production cost of 240 yen]. Matome (in Japanese). November 8, 2013. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
20. Roberts, David (2004). "Figures". British Hit Singles & Albums. Guinness World Records Limited. p. 3. ISBN 9780851121994. Retrieved March 17, 2023. couple Britney and Madonna's ' Me Against the Music ' is the subject of a $ 1.75m video
21. Corkery, Emily (October 17, 2019). "The jaw-dropping price tag of the most expensive music videos". Finance 101. Archived from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
22. Corkery, Emily (October 14, 2019). "The jaw-dropping price tag of the most expensive music videos". Finance 101. Archived from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
23. "Guns N' Roses' 'November Rain' Becomes First Rock Video To Land One Billion YouTube Views". July 16, 2018. Archived from the original on February 7, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
24. "Megaforce Interview: 'Working with Madonna'". 20 minutes. February 15, 2012. p. 3. OCLC 427962538.
25. Rees & Crampton 1999, p. 438
26. "Work Bitch (Britney Spears song)":
    • Graham, Mark (November 11, 2013). "So How Much Did Britney's "Work Bitch" Video Cost, Anyway? Three Music Video Directors Weigh In". VH1. Archived from the original on November 3, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
    • Vena, Jocelyn (September 26, 2013). "Britney Spears Is 'About To Show All These Bitches How It's Done'". MTV News (MTV Networks). Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
27. "Stronger (Kanye West song)":
    • Macleod, Duncan (August 20, 2007). "Kanye West Stronger In Japan". Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
    • Reid, Shaheem (September 5, 2007). "Kanye Added Perfectionist Touch — And Venetian-Blind Glasses — To 'Stronger' Video: VMA Lens Recap". MTV. MTV Networks. Archived from the original on October 7, 2014. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
28. "On the Beat" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 98, no. 46. November 11, 1986. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
29. Hora, Sukriti (February 7, 2018). "10 Of The Mose Expensive Songs ever made in Bollywood". Buzz. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
30. "Don't Say Goodbye (Paulina Rubio's song)":
    • "Los cantantes latinos que lograron éxito en inglés". Milenio. March 17, 2016. Archived from the original on June 7, 2021. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
31. "Toxic (Britney Spears song)":
    • "Britney Spears' 10 Best Music Videos: Readers' Poll Results". Billboard. February 17, 2011. Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
    • Kaufman, Gil (August 25, 2004). "Yes, Britney Really Is Naked In The 'Toxic' Video: VMA Lens Recap - News Story | MTV News". MTV. MTV Networks. Archived from the original on April 26, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
32. "Touch the Sky (Kanye West song)":
    • Zisook, Brian (October 7, 2016). "Kanye West "Spent His Last Dime" to Bankroll "Touch The Sky" Video". Djbooth. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
    • "Pamela Anderson in Kanye West's "Touch the Sky" from Celebrity Music Videos Cameos". E! News. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
33. "Rangliste: Die teuersten Musikvideos aller Zeiten". Die Welt (in German). April 27, 2007. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
34. "Five of the Most Expensive K-Pop Music Videos in History". K Star Live. June 12, 2019. Archived from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
35. Schaffner, Lauryn (September 25, 2020). "The 5 Most Expensive Hard Rock Music Videos of All Time". loudwire. Archived from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021.
36. Reed, Ryan (February 16, 2018). "Watch Drake's Million-Dollar Donation Spree in 'God's Plan' Video". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on October 24, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2020. Rapper buys groceries, writes checks to Miami institutions in heartfelt clip for 'Scary Hours' single
37. "Pritam chooses Dhoom 3 over Ek Tha Tiger". Bollywood Hungama News Network. September 15, 2013. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
38. "(여자)아이들 전소연 "드디어 전담팀 생겨..MV에 11억 썼다" ('아는 형님')" [(G)I-dle Jeon So-yeon "We finally have a dedicated team... we spent 1.1 billion won on the MV" ('Knowing Bros')]. Osen (in Korean). Naver. February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
39. Mark, 2011, pp. 442.
40. Brown, Lane (April 25, 2017). "Damon Albarn and Noel Gallagher on the Making of Gorillaz's 'We Got the Power'". Vulture New York. Archived from the original on April 29, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
41. "Triumph (Wu-Tang Clan song)":
    • "Wu-Tang Discuss "Triumph" Video". MTV. July 25, 1997. Archived from the original on December 27, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
    • Barone, Matt (August 25, 2011). "The 15 Most Accomplished Music Video Directors "13: Brett Ratner"". Complex. Archived from the original on August 17, 2019. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
    • Ratner, Brett (September 18, 2009). "Director's Commentary: Brett Ratner's Music Video Classics". Complex (Interview). Interviewed by Brendan Frederick. Archived from the original on October 25, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
42. "California (Mylène Farmer song)":
    • Royer, 2008, pp. 157–58.
    • Khairallah, 2007, p. 44.
    • Royer, 2008, pp. 89,346.
    • Cachin, 2006, p. 62.
    • Chuberre, 2008, p. 185.
43. Matadin, Vinoodh; Lamsweerde, Inez van (August 19, 2013), Lady Gaga: Applause (Short, Fantasy, Music, Musical), Lady Gaga, Christina Grady, Brian Stover, archived from the original on September 8, 2019, retrieved March 7, 2021
44. "Push It (Garbage song)":
    • Bamberger, Bradley (April 25, 1998). "Almo/Mushroom's Garbage Puts Cyber Spin on Classic Pop Spirit". Billboard. Vol. 110, no. 17. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. pp. 7, 93. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on February 6, 2023. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
    • Parker, Lyndsey (February 7, 2019). "Garbage's Shirley Manson remembers her see-through Grammy dress, 20 years later". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on March 17, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
45. "Oops!... I Did It Again (song)":
    • Rohwedder, Kristie (March 31, 2015). "Michael Jackson & Janet Jackson's "Scream" Music Video Depicts A Future I Want To Exist In". Bustle. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
    • Johnson, Tina; Mancini, Robert (March 28, 2000). "Britney Spears Suffers Head Injury On Video Set". MTV News. Viacom. Archived from the original on January 8, 2015. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
46. Newsen (December 21, 2012). 박보영 지창욱, 스피드위해 뭉쳤다! '슬픈약속' 80년대 배경 뮤비 감동 [Park Bo-young, Jang Chang-wook, for speed! 'Sad Promise' 80s background] (in Korean). Archived from the original on June 28, 2020. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
47. Gaudette, Emily (February 16, 2018). "$700,000 Lil Dicky 'Pillow Talking' New Video Stars John. C Reilly and a CGI brain". Inverse. Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2020. 'Pillow Talking' is reportedly the 49th most-expensive music video of all time
48. "Better luck next time: Daler Mehndi". Rashtriya Sahara. 6 (7–12). Sahara India Mass Communication: 147. 1998. With sum of Rs 2.5 Crores Daler was supposed to make Music Video.
49. "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)". World Bank. 1998. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
50. "Ashes to Ashes (David Bowie song)":
    • Buckley, David (2012). Strange Fascination: David Bowie: The Definitive Story. Random House. pp. 366–369. ISBN 9781448132478.
    • Officer, Lawrence H.; Williamson, Samuel H. (2020). "Computing 'Real Value' Over Time With a Conversion Between U.K. Pounds and U.S. Dollars, 1830 to Present". MeasuringWorth. To access, user must enter "1980" in the first search bar, select "£" and enter 250,000 in the second bar, enter "1980" in the third bar and click "Calculate". Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
51. Biswas, Indraneel (May 19, 2018). "Here Are The 12 Most Expensive Songs Ever Made In Bollywood". UCNews. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
52. "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)". World Bank. 2008. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
53. ""Center" video shot in California; budget tops $500,000". The Daily Roxette. January 25, 2001. Archived from the original on February 6, 2023. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
54. "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)". World Bank. 2002. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
55. Celizic, Mike (April 26, 2008). "Director: Funds for 'Thriller' were tough to raise". Today. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved July 25, 2021.
56. Nalio, Alessandra (August 16, 1999). "Volta ao mundo em 10 milhões de CDs". Istoé Gente. Terra Networks. Archived from the original on December 29, 2002. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
57. "Piece of Me (Britney Spears song)":
    • Aswad, Jem (November 28, 2007). "Britney Spears Shoots 'Piece Of Me' Video, Using Pursued-By-Paparazzi Theme". MTV. MTV Networks. Archived from the original on February 20, 2009. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
58. "Hold It Against Me (Britney Spears song)":
    • Perpetua, Matthew (February 22, 2011). "Britney Spears Made $500,000 From Product Placement in 'Hold It Against Me' Video; Plus: Listen to two clips from upcoming album Femme Fatale". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
    • Vena, Jocelyn (January 18, 2011). "Britney Spears' 'Hold It Against Me' Video To Be Directed By Jonas Akerlund". MTV News. MTV Networks. Archived from the original on January 18, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2011.
59. "2NE1's Upcoming Music Video Costs 500 Million Won". KBS World. February 13, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
60. Warsi, Shakil (2009). Mughal-E-Azam. Rupa & Company. p. 57. ISBN 978-81-291-1321-4. Archived from the original on August 26, 2022. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
61. "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)". World Bank. 1960. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
62. Warsi, Shakil (2009). Mughal-E-Azam. Rupa & Company. p. 57. ISBN 978-81-291-1321-4. Archived from the original on August 26, 2022. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
63. "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)". World Bank. 1960. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.

Print sources

• Royer, Hugues (2008). Mylène, biographie (in French). Spain: Flammarion. ISBN 978-2-35287-139-2.
• Cachin, Benoît (2006). Le Dictionnaire des Chansons de Mylène Farmer (in French). Tournon. ISBN 2-35144-000-5.
• Chuberre, Erwan (2008). Mylène Farmer, phénoménale (in French). City. ISBN 978-2-35288-176-6.
• Khairallah, Sophie (2007). Mylène Farmer, le culte - L'envers du décor (in French). Why Not. ISBN 978-2-916611-25-9.
• Marks, Craig (2011). I Want My MTV: The Uncensored Story of the Music Video Revolution. E. P. Dutton. ISBN 978-1-101-52641-5.
• Rees, Dafydd; Crampton, Luke (1999). Rock Stars Encyclopedia. DK. ISBN 0789446138.