List of introduced bird species
This list of introduced bird species includes all the species of bird introduced to an area without regard to that territory being or not being their native area of occupation or the success of that re-introduction or introduction to the area. This practice has been harmful in many areas, although some introductions are made with the aim of preserving bird species. Following the name of the bird, a brief description of where they were introduced is included.
Ostrich , successfully introduced to Australia,[ 1] New Mexico (captive only) and IsraelTrumpeter swan , re-introduced successfully to areas of the United States and CanadaMute swan , introduced successfully to North America, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa , United Arab Emirates and Japan[ 2] Hawaiian Islands Black swan , successfully introduced to the Netherlands , United Arab Emirates and Japan; unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti and Hawaiian Islands Swan goose , a domesticated breed that can become feral, but which has difficulty in becoming established. Feral populations known in Europe[ 3] Hawaii Spur-winged goose , unsuccessfully introduced to Western Australia Cape Barren goose , introduced unsuccessfully to New Zealand; re-introduced successfully to King Island in Bass Strait Snow goose , unsuccessfully introduced to New ZealandEmperor goose , successfully introduced to England[ 4] Bar-headed goose , successfully to Canada and much of Europe[ 5] Greylag goose , successfully introduced to England and Falkland Islands (is a native rare-breeder in northern Scotland); successfully introduced to New Zealand.[ 6] Colombia and elsewhere in the Andes Canada goose , successfully introduced to Great Britain, Ireland, Sweden, Denmark, Japan,[ 7] Hawaiian Islands and Western Australia Barnacle goose , successfully introduced to southern England[ 8] Hawaiian goose , re-introduced successfully to Hawaii and Maui in the Hawaiian Islands ; possibly introduced unsuccessfully to New ZealandMagellan goose , unsuccessfully introduced to South Georgia Island Australian wood duck , possibly introduced unsuccessfully to the Hawaiian Islands and New ZealandBlack-bellied whistling duck , unsuccessfully introduced to Cuba and Jamaica White-faced whistling duck , possibly introduced successfully in Costa Rica ; unsuccessfully introduced to Mauritius Egyptian goose , successfully introduced to eastern England and Israel. occasionally feral in Europe; introduced unsuccessfully to New Zealand, Australia, and the United StatesMuscovy duck , feral in many parts of the world; introduced successfully to areas of the United States and Britain; introduced unsuccessfully to Adams Island, New Zealand Mallard , successfully introduced to the eastern United States, Bermuda , Australia, New Zealand, the Falkland Islands , Macquarie Island , Colombia , South Africa,[ 9] Falkland Islands and Kerguelen ; introduced successfully to the Hawaiian Islands though also a vagrant,[ 10] Tahiti Hawaiian duck , re-introduced successfully to the Hawaiian Islands Meller's duck , possibly successfully introduced to Mauritius ; unsuccessfully introduced to Réunion Blue-winged teal , possibly introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Northern pintail , successfully introduced to Île Saint-Paul and Amsterdam Island in the southern Indian Ocean ; unsuccessfully introduced to New ZealandEurasian wigeon , unsuccessfully introduced to New ZealandGadwall , possibly unsuccessfully introduced to New ZealandMandarin duck , successfully introduced to England, Europe and the United States,[ 11] Tahiti Red-crested pochard , successfully introduced to England[ 12] Pochard , unsuccessfully introduced to New ZealandTufted duck , unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand; occasionally feral in the United StatesRuddy duck , successfully introduced to Great Britain, and range has since expanded into Europe and North Africa[ 13] [ 14] Plain chachalaca , successfully introduced to Sapelo Island and possibly Blackbeard Island, Georgia , USBlack curassow , possibly introduced unsuccessfully to Haiti and New ZealandGreat curassow , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands , Haiti , the United States, Panama Crested guan , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Rufous-vented chachalaca , possibly introduced (possibly colonised) to the Grenadines , Bequia , Union Island and Saint Vincent in the CaribbeanChestnut-winged chachalaca , probably unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Capercaillie , successfully re-introduced to Scotland and possibly to some parts of mainland Europe; unsuccessfully introduced to North AmericaEurasian black grouse , re-introduced successfully to areas of Great Britain, and possibly Poland and Russia; unsuccessfully introduced to Ireland, North America and New ZealandWillow grouse , possibly re-introduced successfully to Poland; unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand, Fiji and the United States. Subspecies l.l.scoticus (red grouse ) introduced to southern England (Dartmoor , Exmoor , unsuccessfully introduced to BelgiumRock ptarmigan , unsuccessfully introduced to Japan and possibly New ZealandDusky grouse , introduced (status uncertain) to several islands in the Gulf of Alaska Spruce grouse , possibly successfully introduced to Newfoundland , Kodiak and Woody Island Hazel grouse , unsuccessfully introduced to the United States and possibly PolandRuffed grouse , successfully introduced to Michigan , Missouri and Nevada , unsuccessfully elsewhere in the United States; successfully introduced to Anticosti Island and Newfoundland in Canada.Greater sage grouse , unsuccessfully re-introduced to New Mexico ,[ 15] Montana and British Columbia Sharp-tailed grouse , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands and New ZealandGreater prairie chicken , unsuccessfully introduced to areas of the United States, the Hawaiian Islands and New ZealandLesser prairie chicken , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Himalayan snowcock , introduced successfully to the United States[ 16] Chukar , introduced successfully to Russia, the United States, Canada, Mexico, the Hawaiian Islands , New Zealand, St Helena , and possibly Australia, Eleuthera in the Bahamas , and South Africa ; unsuccessfully introduced to France, Ukraine , and Alaska , widely released and feral in Great BritainSee-see partridge , introduced unsuccessfully to the United States and the Hawaiian Islands Sand partridge , introduced unsuccessfully to Cyprus Snow partridge , introduced unsuccessfully to the Hawaiian Islands and the United StatesRed-legged partridge , introduced successfully to Great Britain, the Azores , Madeira , France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and possibly the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands , Porto Santo , and northern Spain and Portugal; unsuccessfully introduced to the United States, the Hawaiian Islands , Australia and New ZealandBarbary partridge , introduced successfully to the Canary Islands and Gibraltar ,[ 17] Sardegna ; unsuccessfully introduced to Great Britain, New Zealand, Australia, the United States and the Hawaiian Islands Arabian partridge , possibly unsuccessfully introduced to Eritrea Black francolin , introduced successfully to the United States, the Hawaiian Islands , and Guam ; possibly unsuccessfully introduced to Saudi Arabia Chinese francolin , successfully introduced to Mauritius , the Philippines , and possibly Madagascar and the Seychelles ; unsuccessfully introduced to Oman , Réunion and the Hawaiian Islands Grey francolin , successfully introduced to the Amirante Islands , the Hawaiian Islands , the Seychelles , Rodrigues and possibly Mauritius , Réunion , and the United States; unsuccessfully introduced to Diego Garcia in the Chagos Archipelago and to the Andaman Islands Red-billed francolin , introduced, perhaps successfully, to Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands Heuglin's francolin , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Clapperton's francolin , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Erckel's francolin , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to the United StatesRed-necked francolin , successfully introduced to Ascension Island Yellow-necked francolin , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Grey partridge , successfully re-introduced to Russia, Finland, France and Italy; successfully introduced to the United States and Canada; unsuccessfully introduced to the Inner Hebrides , the Orkney Islands , the Outer Hebrides , Norway, the Hawaiian Islands , Fiji , Australia, Tasmania , New Zealand, and Chile Daurian partridge , successfully introduced to the Philippines ; unsuccessfully introduced to JapanMadagascar partridge , unsuccessfully introduced to Mauritius and Réunion Common quail , introduced successfully to Réunion ; introduced unsuccessfully to the United States and Tahiti ; possibly introduced unsuccessfully to Australia, New Zealand, the Seychelles , Mauritius and FranceJapanese quail , introduced successfully to the Hawaiian Islands ; introduced unsuccessfully to the United StatesStubble quail , unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand and the Hawaiian Islands Brown quail , successfully introduced to New ZealandAsian blue quail , successfully introduced to Guam ; unsuccessfully introduced to Mauritius , Réunion , the Hawaiian Islands , and possibly New Zealand and the United StatesJungle bush quail , unsuccessfully introduced to Mauritius and Réunion Taiwan partridge (also called Taiwan hill partridge, unsuccessfully introduced to JapanCrested wood partridge , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Chinese bamboo partridge , successfully introduced to Japan; unsuccessfully introduced to the United States, Russia and the Hawaiian Islands [ 18] Temminck's tragopan , possibly introduced unsuccessfully to New ZealandHimalayan monal , unsuccessfully introduced to Australia and FranceBrown eared pheasant , introduced unsuccessfully to Alaska Silver pheasant , unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand, Australia, the Hawaiian Islands , the United States, Canada, France, Great Britain, Russia, and Colombia Kalij pheasant , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to the United States and Alaska Swinhoe's pheasant , unsuccessfully introduced to JapanCrested fireback , unsuccessfully introduced to AustraliaRed junglefowl , successfully introduced in Micronesia , Melanesia , Polynesia , Réunion , the Grenadines , Australia, Hawaiian Islands, the United States, and South Africa ; possibly introduced to the Philippines , much of Indonesia ; unsuccessfully introduced to Hispaniola , Glorioso Islands , Chagos Archipelago , St Helena , Trinidad , New Zealand, and FranceGreen junglefowl , successfully introduced to the Cocos-Keeling Islands Grey junglefowl , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Cheer pheasant , unsuccessfully introduced to Europe and Alaska Common pheasant , successfully introduced to Europe, North America, the Hawaiian Islands , New Zealand, Japan, St Helena , and on King Island , Rottnest Island and Tasmania , Australia; unsuccessfully introduced to mainland Australia, the Dominican Republic , Panama , Pitcairn Island , Taiwan , Madeira , Alaska , Bermuda , Peru , Tahiti , Mauritius , Kangaroo Island , Chile , and Cyprus Green pheasant , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands [ 19] Reeves's pheasant , successfully introduced to France; unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands , Great Britain, Ireland, the United States, Alaska , and New ZealandCopper pheasant , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands and the United StatesGolden pheasant , successfully introduced to Great Britain; unsuccessfully introduced to the United States, Canada, the Hawaiian Islands , New Zealand, Colombia , and Tahiti Lady Amherst's pheasant , successfully introduced to England, but now locally extinct; unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands , Colombia and possibly New ZealandIndian peafowl , successfully introduced to Pakistan , Japan,[ 20] California , Hawaiian Islands , Andaman Islands , New Zealand, Rottnest Island , Heron Island , King Island in Australia; unsuccessfully introduced to the Florida , Dominican Republic , St Helena , Tahiti , and Madeira . Feral and occasional breeder in England.Mountain quail , introduced successfully to Vancouver Island in Canada and to some areas of the United States; possibly to the Hawaiian Islands ; introduced unsuccessfully to New ZealandScaled quail , introduced successfully to some areas of the United States, and probably introduced unsuccessfully to the Hawaiian Islands California quail , introduced successfully to New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands , Chile , Juan Fernández , Argentina , parts of Canada and the United States, King Island and Norfolk Island in Australia; unsuccessfully introduced to Australia, Tasmania , France, Tahiti , and perhaps Fiji , Tonga and South Africa Gambel's quail , introduced successfully in areas of the United States and to the Hawaiian Islands Northern bobwhite , re-introduced successfully to parts of the United States; introduced successfully to Haiti , the Dominican Republic , the Bahamas , France, Italy, Japan[ 21] Jamaica , Puerto Rico , Antigua , Guadeloupe , Martinique , Barbados , St Croix , St Kitts , and Bermuda ; introduced unsuccessfully to Peru , Canada, the Hawaiian Islands , Ireland, Great Britain, China, and South Africa Crested bobwhite , introduced successfully to the Grenadines and the Virgin Islands Montezuma quail , introduced unsuccessfully to the Hawaiian Islands Helmeted guineafowl , introduced successfully to Hispaniola , Cuba , the Isle of Pines , Australia,[ 22] Arabia , Madagascar , the Comoros , Mauritius , Agaléga Islands , Annobón , Cape Verde and Barbuda ; now extirpated after successful introduction on Rodrigues ; possibly successfully introduced to France, New Zealand, Australia and the Hawaiian Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to Ascension Island , the Chagos Archipelago , St Helena , Jamaica , Puerto Rico , Trinidad , Gonâve Island , Madeira , and the United States. Has bred ferally in England.Scarlet ibis , successfully introduced to Florida ,[ 24] Sacred ibis , successfully introduced to France, Taiwan and Florida,[ 25] Bald ibis , successfully re-introduced to Turkey, ongoing re-introduction schemes in Austria and Spain to restore species to former range (success as yet unknown)Weka , successfully introduced to Macquarie Island (now extirpated[ 27] Chatham Islands and other New Zealand islandsCorncrake , unsuccessfully introduced to the United States, currently being re-introduced to the Nene Washes , eastern England (success as yet unknown).Laysan rail , unsuccessfully introduced to several islands in the Hawaiian Islands Common moorhen , successfully introduced to St Helena Gough Island moorhen , re-introduced, possibly successfully, to Tristan da Cunha Purple swamphen , successfully introduced to the United States; unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands and possibly Argentina Rock pigeon , successfully introduced in Eurasia, North Africa, North America, Central America, South America, the West Indies, the Bahamas , Bermuda , Juan Fernández , Easter Island , the Society Islands , Samoa , Fiji , the Hawaiian Islands , Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island , Mauritius , the Andaman and Nicobar islands, South Georgia , St Helena , the Marquesas , and probably elsewhere. Ubiquitous in cities worldwide.Pink-headed imperial pigeon , unsuccessfully introduced to the Cocos-Keeling Islands Wood pigeon , unsuccessfully introduced to the United StatesMourning dove , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands White-winged dove , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Turtle dove , unsuccessfully introduced to Australia and New ZealandRed turtle dove , possibly introduced to Malaysia and Singapore , unsuccessfullyMadagascar turtle dove , successfully introduced to Diego Garcia ; possibly successfully introduced to Mauritius and Réunion (perhaps native); N. p. picturatus successfully introduced to the Seychelles and Amirantes endemic with N. p. rostratus Eurasian collared dove successfully introduced to the United States, Puerto Rico, and Bahamas ; unsuccessfully introduced to New ZealandBarbary dove ; successfully introduced to the Canary Islands (occasionally feral elsewhere in Europe, successfully introduced to the United States, possibly successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands and to Alice Springs in AustraliaRed-eyed dove , possibly introduced to Cape Peninsula, South Africa (perhaps colonised)Island collared dove , possibly introduced successfully in Sumatra ; unsuccessfully introduced to Borneo and New ZealandPhilippine collared dove , successfully introduced to the Mariana Islands Spotted dove , successfully introduced to eastern Indonesia , Fiji , New Britain , New Caledonia , New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands , Australia, southern California and Mauritius Laughing dove , successfully introduced to Israel and Western Australia .Peaceful dove and/or zebra dove , successfully introduced to St Helena , Madagascar , Mauritius , Seychelles , Réunion , Glorioso Islands , Rodrigues , Chagos Archipelago , Tahiti , the Hawaiian Islands , Thailand , Borneo , the Philippines , and possibly Cosmoledos , Farquhar , Sulawesi , and Amboina ; unsuccessfully introduced to Kangaroo Island Diamond dove , unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands , and Kangaroo Island Bar-shouldered dove , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands and Kangaroo Island Inca dove , introduced unsuccessfully to southern Florida [ 29] Common ground dove , possibly introduced successfully to Bermuda Namaqua dove , unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand and AustraliaEmerald dove , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands and perhaps New ZealandCommon bronzewing , unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand and the Hawaiian Islands Crested pigeon , possibly successfully introduced to Kangaroo Island ; unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands , New Zealand, Europe and the United StatesPartridge pigeon , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands and perhaps New ZealandSpinifex pigeon , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands and Kangaroo Island White-tipped dove , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Caribbean dove , introduced, perhaps successfully, to New Providence in the Bahamas Ruddy quail-dove , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Luzon bleeding-heart , unsuccessfully introduced to the United States and the Hawaiian Islands Wonga pigeon , unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand, Kangaroo Island and the Hawaiian Islands Blue-headed quail-dove , unsuccessfully introduced to Jamaica and the Hawaiian Islands Nicobar pigeon , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Kakapo , successfully, but tenuously, introduced to several islands off New ZealandGang-gang cockatoo , unsuccessfully introduced to Kangaroo Island Sulphur-crested cockatoo , successfully introduced to New Zealand, Western Australia , Palau , Puerto Rico[ 30] Indonesian islands; unsuccessfully introduced to Singapore and the Hawaiian Islands Yellow-crested cockatoo , successfully introduced to Singapore and Hong Kong Moluccan cockatoo , possibly introduced to Amboina in the Moluccas ; an occasional escapee in the Hawaiian Islands Major Mitchell's cockatoo , unsuccessfully introduced to Fiji Tanimbar corella , possibly introduced successfully to Tual in the Kai Islands , Indonesia and Singapore Galah , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Long-billed corella , successfully introduced to coastal Australia around urban areas; unsuccessfully introduced to the Chagos Archipelago Cockatiel , successfully introduced to Puerto Rico,[ 31] Blue-streaked lory , possibly introduced successfully to the Kai Islands and Damar Islands, Indonesia Rainbow lorikeet , successfully introduced to Perth, Western Australia Coconut lorikeet , successfully introduced to Hong Kong.[ 32] rainbow lorikeet as they were previously considered conspecific.Kuhl's lorikeet , successfully introduced to the Line Islands in the Pacific OceanTahitian lory , possibly successfully re-introduced to Aitutaki in the Cook Islands ; unsuccessfully re-introduced to Tahiti Musk lorikeet , unsuccessfully introduced to Western Australia Blue-and-yellow macaw , introduced successfully to Florida and Puerto Rico Red-and-green macaw , introduced successfully to Puerto Rico [ 33] Scarlet macaw , introduced successfully to Puerto Rico ,[ 34] Hawaiian Islands and The Netherlands Chestnut-fronted macaw , introduced successfully to Florida Brown-throated parakeet , successfully introduced to the Virgin Islands and possibly the United StatesOrange-fronted parakeet , possibly successfully introduced to Florida Blue-crowned parakeet , successfully introduced to California [ 35] Red-masked parakeet , successfully introduced to California and the Hawaiian Islands Mitred conure , successfully introduced to California and the Hawaiian Islands Nanday conure , introduced in the United States and Puerto Rico ,[ 36] Israel the Hawaiian Islands Maroon-faced parakeet , successfully possibly re-introduced to the area around Rio de Janeiro , BrazilMonk parakeet , successfully introduced to Puerto Rico , Italy, Israel, England and the United StatesGreen-rumped parrotlet , successfully introduced to Jamaica and Barbados , and possibly Curaçao and Tobago ; unsuccessfully introduced to Martinique Yellow-chevroned parakeet , successfully introduced to the United StatesCanary-winged parakeet , successfully introduced to Peru , Puerto Rico , and the United StatesOrange-chinned parakeet , unsuccessfully introduced to the United States and the Hawaiian Islands Hispaniolan amazon , successfully introduced to Puerto Rico ; unsuccessfully introduced to Florida White-fronted amazon , unsuccessfully introduced to Florida Red-crowned amazon , successfully introduced to the United States and the Hawaiian Islands Red-lored amazon , introduced successfully to California and possibly Florida Yellow-crowned amazon , introduced, possibly successfully, in the United States and Trinidad ; unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Orange-winged amazon , successfully introduced to Puerto Rico ,[ 37] Yellow-shouldered amazon unsuccessfully introduced to Florida Lilac-crowned amazon introduced successfully to California ; unsuccessfully introduced to Florida Festive amazon unsuccessfully introduced to Florida Red-spectacled amazon unsuccessfully introduced to Florida Mealy amazon unsuccessfully introduced to Florida Turquoise-fronted amazon introduced successfully to California ,[ 38] Florida Yellow-headed amazon introduced successfully to California ; unsuccessfully introduced to Florida Yellow-naped amazon unsuccessfully introduced to Florida Meyer's parrot , successfully introduced to Cape Province in South Africa , now extirpatedGreater vasa parrot , unsuccessfully introduced to Réunion Eclectus parrot , successfully introduced to Palau and to the Goram Islands , Indonesia ; unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Blue-naped parrot , successfully introduced to the area of Borneo Great-billed parrot , possibly introduced, successfully, to Balut Island , Indonesia Rose-ringed parakeet , successfully introduced to Mauritius , Zanzibar , Italy, England, Israel, Oman , Yemen , Hong Kong , Macau , Japan,[ 39] Kenya , Turkey, the United States, and the Hawaiian Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to Egypt , Singapore , Cape Verde and the Andaman Islands Alexandrine parakeet , successfully introduced to Japan,[ 40] Senegal parrot , unsuccessfully introduced to IsraelRed-breasted parakeet , introduced successfully to Japan,[ 41] Pinang Island [ceb ] ; unsuccessfully introduced to Singapore Plum-headed parakeet , unsuccessfully introduced to the United StatesRed shining parrot , unsuccessfully introduced to Vanuatu and Fiji Madagascar lovebird , perhaps introduced successfully to Rodrigues , Réunion , the Comoros and the Seychelles ; unsuccessfully introduced to Mauritius , Zanzibar , and the Mafia Islands , and possibly to South Africa Peach-faced lovebird , successfully introduced to Arizona; unsuccessfully introduced to Western Australia , the Hawaiian Islands , and Florida Fischer's lovebird , successfully introduced to the Tanga area of Tanzania and southern Kenya ; unsuccessfully introduced to Florida Masked lovebird , successfully introduced to Dar es Salaam , Tanzania and to Nairobi , Kenya and the Canary Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to the United StatesNyasa lovebird , possibly introduced successfully to Lundazi in Zambia and to Namibia Crimson rosella , successfully introduced to Norfolk Island and New Zealand unsuccessfully introduced to Lord Howe Island and Western Australia Eastern rosella , successfully introduced to New Zealand and possibly near Adelaide , South Australia Pale-headed rosella , introduced unsuccessfully to the Hawaiian Islands Yellow-fronted parakeet , possibly successfully re-introduced to Stephens Island, New Zealand Budgerigar , successfully introduced to the United States, Japan[ 42] [ 43] South Africa , the Hawaiian Islands , Hong Kong , South America and New ZealandMany hummingbirds of unknown species have been introduced to Brazil, Ecuador , Peru and Venezuela , although none are believed to have been successful
Red-whiskered bulbul , successfully introduced to Japan,[ 44] Malaysia , Singapore , the Nicobar Islands , Mauritius , Réunion , Australia, the United States, and the Hawaiian Islands , and perhaps to Sumatra and Java Red-vented bulbul , successfully introduced to Fiji , Samoa , Tonga , United States and the Hawaiian Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to Australia and New ZealandSooty-headed bulbul , introduced, perhaps successfully, to Sumatra and Sulawesi ; introduced unsuccessfully to Singapore Réunion bulbul , unsuccessfully introduced to Diego Garcia in the Chagos Archipelago White-eared bulbul , successfully introduced to the Arabian PeninsulaDunnock , successfully introduced to New Zealand; unsuccessfully introduced to the United StatesWestern bluebird , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Hermit thrush , unsuccessfully introduced to AustraliaBlackbird , successfully introduced to Australia, Tasmania, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and New Zealand; unsuccessfully introduced to South Africa , St Helena , the United States and Fiji Island thrush , successfully introduced to the Cocos-Keeling Islands , now extirpated[ 45] Song thrush , successfully introduced to Australia, Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island and New Zealand; unsuccessfully introduced to South Africa , St Helena and the United StatesAmerican robin , unsuccessfully introduced to Great Britain , though they are vagrants to Greenland and mainland Europe Red-legged thrush , unsuccessfully introduced to Grand Cayman Island in the West Indies European robin , unsuccessfully introduced to Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United StatesJapanese robin , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Ryūkyū robin , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Nightingale , unsuccessfully introduced to Australia, New Zealand, the United States and South Africa Oriental magpie robin , introduced, perhaps successfully, to the Hawaiian Islands White-rumped shama , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Seychelles magpie robin , unsuccessfully introduced to Alphonse Island in the Amirantes Blue-and-white flycatcher , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Narcissus flycatcher , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands White-crested laughingthrush , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Greater necklaced laughingthrush , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Black-throated laughingthrush , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Hwamei , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands , Japan and Taiwan,[ 46] White-browed laughingthrush , possibly successfully introduced to Hong Kong Moustached laughingthrush , successfully introduced to Japan[ 47] Red-billed leiothrix , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands , Italy, France. Japan[ 48] Hong Kong ; feral elsewhere in western Europe; unsuccessfully introduced to Australia, Tahiti , Colombia and the United StatesSaddleback , introduced and re-introduced successfully to many islands off New Zealand for the preservation of this rare speciesRed-billed blue magpie , introduced, possibly successfully, to the Hawaiian Islands Korean magpie , successfully introduced to Kyūshū , JapanJackdaw , unsuccessfully introduced to New ZealandHouse crow , successfully introduced to the Netherlands [extirpated], Israel, Egypt (all ship-assisted colonisers), Malaysia , Singapore , Kenya , Zanzibar , Yemen , Djibouti , Sudan and South Africa ; introduced, probably successfully, to Thailand , Pemba Island in east Africa, Oman and Mauritius ; unsuccessfully introduced to the Andaman Islands and AustraliaNew Caledonian crow , successfully introduced to the Maré Island in New Caledonia Rook , successfully introduced to New ZealandAmerican crow , unsuccessfully introduced to Bermuda (now a successful colonist)Large-billed crow , unsuccessfully introduced to the Nicobar Islands Pied crow , unsuccessfully introduced to Mauritius White-headed starling , unsuccessfully introduced to Camorta Island in the Nicobar Islands Rosy starling , unsuccessfully introduced to Mauritius European starling , successfully introduced to the United States, South America (Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina) Jamaica , South Africa , Australia, New Zealand, and the Chatham Islands , and Fiji and Tonga ; unsuccessfully introduced to Cuba and Venezuela Pied myna , successfully introduced to Japan[ 51] Black-collared starling , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Common myna , successfully introduced to Israel, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa , St Helena , Seychelles , Réunion , Rodrigues , Mauritius , the Comoros , Madagascar , Chagos Archipelago , Ascension Island , Solomon Islands , New Caledonia , Fiji , the Society Islands , the Cook Islands , the United States, the Hawaiian Islands , France, Balearic Islands ,[ 52] Nicobar Islands , the Laccadive Islands , the Maldives and Vanuatu ; unsuccessfully introduced to the Andaman Islands and EnglandVinous breasted myna , successfully introduced to IsraelJavan myna , successfully introduced to Puerto RicoJungle myna , successfully introduced to Fiji and Samoa , and perhaps Singapore , Sumatra and the Andaman Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to Christmas Island (near Australia)Crested myna , successfully introduced to Malaysia , the Philippines , Portugal (Lisbon area), Japan,[ 53] [ 54] Common hill myna , successfully introduced to the United States and Puerto Rico,[ 55] Christmas Island and the Hawaiian Islands , and perhaps also St Helena , the Chagos Archipelago and Hong Kong Bank myna , successfully introduced into the Middle East, Maldives, Taiwan and Japan.House sparrow , successfully introduced to the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, Argentina , Uruguay , Brazil, Chile , Peru , Ecuador , Easter Island , Falkland Islands , Cuba , Hawaiian Islands , Eastern Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia , South Africa , Mozambique , Somalia , Sudan , Zanzibar , Amirantes , Mauritius , Réunion , Rodrigues , Chagos Archipelago , Azores , Cape Verde , and colonised from these Mexico, Guatemala , Paraguay , Bermuda , Norfolk Island , Namibia , Botswana , Zimbabwe , and Zambia ; probably introduced successfully to the Comoros , the Seychelles , Vanuatu and Kenya ; unsuccessfully introduced to Jamaica , the Bahamas , St Helena , Greenland , Western Australia , the Philippines , Papua New Guinea and South Georgia Island Spanish sparrow , introduced (or possibly colonised) to the Canary Islands , Cape Verde and Madeira Tree sparrow , successfully introduced to the Philippines , Mariana Islands , Lesser Sunda Islands , Sulawesi , Pescadores , Australia, the central United States and eastern Malaysia , as well as (possibly) Singapore ; unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand and Bermuda Scaly weaver , unsuccessfully introduced to St Helena Cape weaver , unsuccessfully introduced to Mauritius Village weaver , successfully introduced to Portugal , Venezuela , Mauritius , Puerto Rico , Haiti and the Dominican Republic , and probably to Réunion ; possibly colonised or introduced to São Tomé ; unsuccessfully introduced to Cape Verde Black-headed weaver , possibly introduced successfully to São Tomé , successfully to Iberia .Asian golden weaver , unsuccessfully introduced to the Cocos-Keeling Islands Baya weaver , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands and Hong Kong Streaked weaver , successfully introduced onto the Arabian PeninsulaRed-billed quelea . successfully introduced to Réunion [ 56] Madagascar fody , successfully introduced to the Amirantes , Seychelles , Chagos Archipelago , Mauritius , Réunion , Rodrigues and St Helena , and possibly the Comoros and Glorioso Islands (perhaps colonised)Seychelles fody , unsuccessfully introduced to the Amirante Islands Yellow-crowned bishop , successfully introduced to Puerto Rico and Portugal,[ 57] Hawaiian Islands (uncertain status)Northern red bishop , successfully introduced to California,[ 58] Hawaiian Islands , Tahiti and St Helena White-winged widowbird , unsuccessfully introduced to Australia and St Helena Long-tailed widowbird , unsuccessfully introduced to St Helena Green-winged pytilia , unsuccessfully introduced to St Helena Red-billed firefinch , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti and perhaps the Hawaiian Islands Blue-breasted cordon-bleu , introduced possibly successfully to Zanzibar ; unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti , St Helena and the Hawaiian Islands [ 18] Red-cheeked cordon-bleu , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to Cape Verde and Tahiti Blue-capped cordon-bleu , perhaps successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Violet-eared waxbill , unsuccessfully introduced to St Helena Lavender waxbill , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Yellow-bellied waxbill , unsuccessfully introduced to St Helena Orange-cheeked waxbill , successfully introduced to Puerto Rico , California and the Hawaiian Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Common waxbill , successfully introduced to St Helena , Mauritius , Ascension Island , Rodrigues , Amirantes , Seychelles , Réunion , Cape Verde , São Tomé , New Caledonia , Tahiti , Brazil, Puerto Rico , the Hawaiian Islands , Portugal and Spain,[ 59] Madagascar , Israel, the Comoros , Príncipe , and Fiji Black-rumped waxbill , successfully introduced to Portugal and the Hawaiian Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Black-cheeked waxbill , unsuccessfully introduced to St Helena Red avadavat , successfully introduced to Sumatra , the Philippines , Japan, Réunion , Hawaiian Islands , Fiji and Egypt , Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and perhaps Hong Kong ; unsuccessfully introduced to Singapore , the Andaman Islands , Mauritius , the Comoros , Sri Lanka and Tahiti Green avadavat , unsuccessfully introduced to Lahore, Pakistan Zebra waxbill , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti and St Helena Red-browed firetail , successfully introduced to Tahiti ; unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand, Western Australia , Fiji and New Caledonia Diamond firetail , unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand, Tahiti , Fiji and the Hawaiian Islands Star finch , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Plum-headed finch , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Zebra finch , unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand, Tahiti , Nauru [ 60] Kangaroo Island Double-barred finch , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Long-tailed finch , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Pin-tailed parrotfinch , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Blue-faced parrotfinch , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Red-throated parrotfinch , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Red-headed parrotfinch , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Gouldian finch , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Indian silverbill , successfully introduced to Israel and Jordan. unsuccessfully introduced to Puerto Rico African silverbill , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands , Portugal and Qatar Bronze mannikin , successfully introduced to Puerto Rico ; unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Magpie mannikin , successfully introduced to Zanzibar (or perhaps colonised); unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Scaly-breasted munia , successfully introduced to Australia, Hawaiian Islands , Puerto Rico, US,[ 61] Palau , Mauritius and Réunion ; unsuccessfully introduced to the Seychelles , Tahiti and New Zealand; successfully possibly introduced to Singapore Javan munia , successfully introduced to Singapore Black-headed munia , successfully introduced to Japan,[ 62] Moluccas , Palau , Guam and the Hawaiian Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to Japan, Australia and Tahiti White-rumped munia , successfully introduced to Japan,[ 63] Réunion Chestnut-breasted munia , successfully introduced to the Society Islands and New Caledonia ; unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand and Western Australia Java sparrow , successfully introduced to parts of Indochina , China, Burma , Malaysia , Singapore , Thailand , Sri Lanka , Borneo , Lesser Sunda Islands , Sulawesi , Moluccas , Philippines , Christmas Island , Cocos-Keeling Islands , Tanzania , Zanzibar , Hawaiian Islands , Fiji , Japan, Taiwan , St Helena and Puerto Rico ; unsuccessfully introduced to Mauritius , the Comoros , India, Seychelles , Florida in the United States,[ 64] Tricoloured munia , successfully introduced to Japan[ 65] Common chaffinch , successfully introduced to New Zealand and South Africa ; unsuccessfully introduced to Australia and the United StatesBrambling , unsuccessfully introduced to Australia and New ZealandCanary , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to Australia, the United States, Bermuda , New Zealand, England, and Italy, hasn't established to Puerto Rico yet, as well as being frequently feral in other areasCape canary , successfully introduced to Réunion ; unsuccessfully introduced to Mauritius , St Helena and Tahiti White-rumped seedeater , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Yellow-fronted canary , successfully introduced to Mauritius , Réunion , Rodrigues and the Hawaiian Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to the Amirantes and St Helena Yellow canary , successfully introduced to St Helena and Ascension Island European greenfinch , successfully introduced to Australia, New Zealand, Uruguay and the Azores ; unsuccessfully introduced to St Helena and the United StatesEurasian siskin , unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand, Australia and the United StatesAmerican goldfinch , unsuccessfully introduced to Bermuda and Tahiti Lesser goldfinch , unsuccessfully introduced to Cuba European goldfinch , successfully introduced to Cape Verde , Australia, New Zealand, Uruguay , Argentina and Bermuda ; the United States [Great Lakes, New York and Southern California], unsuccessfully to Canada and South Africa Lesser redpoll , successfully introduced to New ZealandTwite , unsuccessfully introduced to New ZealandLinnet , unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the United StatesHouse finch , successfully introduced to the eastern United States and Hawaiian Islands Parrot crossbill , unsuccessfully introduced to the United StatesEurasian bullfinch , unsuccessfully introduced to the New Zealand, Australia and the United StatesHawfinch , unsuccessfully introduced to AustraliaAntillean euphonia , unsuccessfully introduced to Vieques Island in Puerto Rico White-lined tanager , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Summer tanager , unsuccessfully introduced to New ZealandScarlet tanager , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Silver-beaked tanager , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Brazilian tanager , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Crimson-backed tanager , successfully introduced to Tahiti Blue-gray tanager , successfully introduced to Peru ; unsuccessfully introduced to the United States[ 68] Tahiti Golden tanager , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Masked tanager , unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Red-legged honeycreeper , probably introduced successfully to Cuba ; unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti Yellowhammer , successfully introduced to New Zealand; unsuccessfully introduced to Australia and the United StatesOrtolan bunting , unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand and AustraliaCirl bunting , successfully introduced to New ZealandReed bunting , unsuccessfully introduced to New ZealandRufous-collared sparrow , unsuccessfully introduced to the Falkland Islands Common diuca-finch , successfully introduced to Easter Island Saffron finch , successfully introduced to Jamaica , Panama , the Hawaiian Islands and probably Tobago Grassland yellow-finch , successfully introduced to Barbados , from whence it has colonised several other West Indies islandsWhite-collared seedeater , unsuccessfully introduced to Cuba Cuban grassquit , successfully introduced to New Providence in the Bahamas Yellow-faced grassquit , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands ; successfully possibly introduced to New Providence in the Bahamas Puerto Rican bullfinch , introduced (status unknown) to the island of St John in the Virgin Islands Yellow cardinal , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Red-crested cardinal , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands and Japan,[ 69] South Africa and the United StatesRed-cowled cardinal , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Red-capped cardinal , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Yellow-billed cardinal , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Spot-breasted oriole , successfully introduced to Florida Troupial , successfully introduced to Puerto Rico and St Thomas in the Virgin Islands ; unsuccessfully introduced to Jamaica , Trinidad , Antigua , Dominica and Grenada , where all are probably aviary escapeesYellow-hooded blackbird , introduced, perhaps successfully, around Lima in Peru Red-breasted meadowlark , unsuccessfully introduced to Easter Island Long-tailed meadowlark , unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Western meadowlark , successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands ; possibly unsuccessfully introduced to New ZealandCarib grackle , successfully introduced to Antigua and Barbuda , St Kitts and Saint Martin in the Netherlands Antilles , and possibly Tobago Shiny cowbird , its range has extended to Chile , the Caribbean and North America mostly naturally but facilitated through pet trade[ 70]
See also
References
^ "Ostriches in Australia - and near my home" . www.trevorsbirding.com . 13 September 2007.^ "Cygnus olor / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ ^ "Emperor Goose, Anser canagica - GB non-native species secretariat" . www.nonnativespecies.org .^ "Anser indicus (bar-headed goose)" . www.cabi.org .^ "Greylag goose | New Zealand Birds Online" . nzbirdsonline.org.nz .^ "Branta canadensis moffitti / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ Carboneras, Carles; Kirwan, Guy M. (January 5, 2020). "Barnacle Goose (Branta leucopsis), version 1.0" . Birds of the World . doi :10.2173/bow.bargoo.01 . S2CID 225985693 – via birdsoftheworld.org. ^ Drilling, Nancy; Titman, Rodger D.; McKinney, Frank (January 5, 2020). "Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), version 1.0" . Birds of the World . doi :10.2173/bow.mallar3.01 . S2CID 216284572 – via birdsoftheworld.org. ^ "Mallard Anas platyrhynchos " (PDF) . Hawaii Biological Survey .^ Carboneras, Carles; Kirwan, Guy M. (January 5, 2020). "Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata), version 1.0" . Birds of the World . doi :10.2173/bow.manduc.01 . S2CID 240606402 – via birdsoftheworld.org. ^ Carboneras, Carles; Kirwan, Guy M. (January 5, 2020). "Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina), version 1.0" . Birds of the World . doi :10.2173/bow.recpoc.01 . S2CID 225978323 – via birdsoftheworld.org. ^ BirdLife International. (2018). "Oxyura jamaicensis " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 : e.T22727750A132178041. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22727750A132178041.en . Retrieved 18 October 2024 . ^ Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust . Eradication of the Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis in the Western Palaearctic: a review of progress and a revised Action Plan for 2021–2025 (Technical report). Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, EEC. T-PVS/Inf(2020)11.^ "Centrocercus minimus, C. urophasianus" . www.fs.fed.us .^ Christensen, Glen C. (January 5, 2020). "Himalayan Snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayensis), version 1.0" . Birds of the World . doi :10.2173/bow.himsno.01 . S2CID 216462044 – via birdsoftheworld.org. ^ McGowan, Philip J. K.; Kirwan, Guy M.; Garcia, Ernest (January 5, 2020). "Barbary Partridge (Alectoris barbara), version 1.0" . Birds of the World . doi :10.2173/bow.barpar2.01 . S2CID 241696717 – via birdsoftheworld.org. ^ a b "RLP-Monograph" . hbs.bishopmuseum.org .^ Giudice, John H.; Ratti, John T. (January 5, 2020). "Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), version 1.0" . Birds of the World . doi :10.2173/bow.rinphe.01 . S2CID 216473910 – via birdsoftheworld.org. ^ "Common peafowl, Peafowl, Indian peafowl, Blue peafowl / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "Colinus virginianus / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "Helmeted Guineafowl (Numida meleagris) - BirdLife species factsheet" . Datazone.birdlife.org. Retrieved 2022-08-14 .^ "Non-native breeding birds in the UK, 2009–11" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-11. Retrieved 2017-09-28 .^ "Nonnatives - Scarlet Ibis" . Archived from the original on 2017-09-29. Retrieved 2017-09-28 .^ "Threskiornis aethiopicus (sacred ibis)" . www.cabi.org .^ "Gyps fulvus " . www.globalraptors.org .^ "Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels - The successful Macquarie Island Pest Eradication Programme is reviewed by its manager" . www.acap.aq .^ "Black-necked Stilt / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "Nonnatives - Inca Dove" . Archived from the original on 2017-09-30. Retrieved 2017-09-30 .^ BirdLife International. (2018). "Cacatua galerita " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 : e.T22684781A131914971. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22684781A131914971.en . Retrieved 18 October 2024 . ^ BirdLife International. (2018). "Nymphicus hollandicus " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 : e.T22684828A132056250. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22684828A132056250.en . Retrieved 18 October 2024 . ^ BirdLife International. (2018). "Trichoglossus haematodus " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 : e.T22725310A132177469. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22725310A132177469.en . Retrieved 18 October 2024 . ^ BirdLife International. (2021). "Ara chloropterus " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 : e.T22685566A163776409. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22685566A163776409.en . Retrieved 18 October 2024 . ^ BirdLife International. (2022). "Ara macao " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022 : e.T22685563A163778999. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22685563A163778999.en . Retrieved 18 October 2024 . ^ "The California Parrot Project" . www.californiaparrotproject.org .^ BirdLife International. (2018). "Aratinga nenday " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 : e.T22685752A131917909. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22685752A131917909.en . Retrieved 18 October 2024 . ^ BirdLife International. (2018). "Amazona amazonica " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 : e.T22686350A131920257. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22686350A131920257.en . Retrieved 18 October 2024 . ^ "The California Parrot Project" . www.californiaparrotproject.org .^ "Ring-necked parakeet / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "Alexandrine parakeet / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "Red-breasted parakeet, Indian moustached parakeet, Moustached parakeet / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "Budgerigar / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ BirdLife International. (2018). "Melopsittacus undulatus " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 : e.T22685223A132056957. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22685223A132056957.en . Retrieved 18 October 2024 . ^ "Red-wiskered bulbul, Red-eared bulbul / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "Turdus poliocephalus erythropleurus — Christmas Island Thrush" . www.environment.gov.au .^ "Garrulax canorus (Chinese hwamei)" . www.cabi.org .^ "Garrulax cineraceus / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "Leiothrix lutea / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "Swinhoe's White-eye" . birdfinding.info . 18 August 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2022 .^ D.L. Buckingham; G. C. L. Dutson; J. L. Newman. "Birds of Manus, Kolombangara and Makira (San Christobal) with notes on mammals and records from other Solomon Islands" (PDF) . ^ "Pied starling, Asian pied starling / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "Acridotheres tristis (common myna)" . Invasive Species Compendium (ISC)CAB International .^ "Crested myna, Chinese crested myna, Chinese jungle myna, Tufted myna, Chinese starling / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ Johnson, Stephen R.; Campbell, R. Wayne (January 5, 2020). "Crested Myna (Acridotheres cristatellus), version 1.0" . Birds of the World . doi :10.2173/bow.cremyn.01 . S2CID 216231744 – via birdsoftheworld.org. ^ BirdLife International. (2018) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Gracula religiosa " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 : e.T103878755A135865132. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T103878755A135865132.en . Retrieved 18 October 2024 . ^ "Quelea quelea (weaver bird)" . www.cabi.org .^ "Bispo-de-coroa-amarela (Euplectes afer)" . www.avesdeportugal.info .^ "Under the Radar | "Non-countable" Exotic Birds in the ABA Area" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-19.^ Payne, Robert B.; Bonan, Arnau; Kirwan, Guy M. (January 5, 2020). "Common Waxbill (Estrilda astrild), version 1.0" . Birds of the World . doi :10.2173/bow.comwax.01 . S2CID 241399922 – via birdsoftheworld.org. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-16. Retrieved 2017-10-01 .{{cite web }}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )^ Payne, Robert B. (January 5, 2020). "Scaly-breasted Munia (Lonchura punctulata), version 1.0" . Birds of the World . doi :10.2173/bow.nutman.01 . S2CID 216430239 – via birdsoftheworld.org. ^ "Chestnut mannikin / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "White-rumped munia, Striated munia, Striated mannikin, Hodgson's munia, White-backed munia, Sharp-tailed munia, Sharp-tailed mannikin, Bengalese finch / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "Nonnatives - Java Sparrow" . Archived from the original on 2017-10-01. Retrieved 2017-10-01 .^ "Tricolored mannikin, Three-coloured mannikin / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "Pin-tailed whydah / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ BirdLife International. (2018). "Vidua macroura " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 : e.T22719988A132134939. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22719988A132134939.en . Retrieved 18 October 2024 . ^ "Nonnatives - Blue-gray Tanager" . Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission . Archived from the original on 30 October 2018.^ "Red-crested cardinal, Brazilian cardinal / Invasive Species of Japan" . www.nies.go.jp .^ "Molothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird)" . www.cabi.org .