Executive orders are issued to help officers and agencies of the executive branch manage the operations within the federal government itself.[1]Presidential memoranda are closely related, and have the force of law on the Executive Branch, but are generally considered less prestigious. Presidential memoranda do not have an established process for issuance, and unlike executive orders, they are not numbered. A presidential determination is a determination resulting in an official policy or position of the executive branch of the United States government.[2] A presidential proclamation is a statement issued by a president on a matter of public policy issued under specific authority granted to the president by Congress and typically on a matter of widespread interest.[3]Administrative orders are signed documents such as notices, letters, and orders that can be issued to conduct administrative operations of the federal government.[4][5] A presidential notice or a presidential sequestration order can also be issued.[6][7]National security directives1 operate like executive orders, but are only in the area of national security. They have been issued by different presidents under various names.[8]
Termination of Urban and Community Impact Analyses
March 9, 1982
65
12351
Nuclear cooperation with EURATOM
March 9, 1982
66
12352
Federal procurement reforms
March 17, 1982
67
12353
Charitable fund-raising
March 23, 1982
68
12354
Amending the Generalized System of Preferences
March 30, 1982
69
12355
The Task Force on Legal Equity for Women
April 1, 1982
70
12356
National Security Information
April 2, 1982
71
12357
Sinai Support Mission
April 6, 1982
72
12358
Presidential Commission on Drunk Driving
April 14, 1982
73
12359
Public international organizations entitled to enjoy privileges, exemptions, and immunities
April 23, 1982
74
12360
President's Task Force on Victims of Crime
April 23, 1982
75
12361
Multinational Force and Observers reports
April 27, 1982
76
12362
Overseas employment
May 12, 1982
77
12363
The Foreign Service of the United States
May 21, 1982
78
12364
Presidential Management Intern Program
May 24, 1982
79
12365
Foreign assistance and arms control
May 24, 1982
80
12366
Presidential Commission on Broadcasting to Cuba
May 25, 1982
81
12367
President's Committee on the Arts and the Humanities
June 15, 1982
82
12368
Drug Abuse Policy Functions
June 24, 1982
83
12369
President's private sector survey on cost control in the Federal Government
June 30, 1982
84
12370
Creating an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and certain railroads represented by the National Carriers' Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference
July 8, 1982
85
12371
Amending the Generalized System of Preferences
July 12, 1982
86
12372
Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs
July 14, 1982
87
12373
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the United Transportation Union and certain railroads represented by the National Carriers' Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference
July 21, 1982
88
12374
Reports on international organizations
July 28, 1982
89
12375
Motor Vehicles
August 4, 1982
90
12376
Presidential Commission on Drunk Driving
August 5, 1982
91
12377
Joint Mexican-United States Defense Commission
August 6, 1982
92
12378
President's Committee on the Arts and the Humanities
August 6, 1982
93
12379
Termination of boards, committees, and commissions
August 17, 1982
94
12380
Submarine duty incentive pay
August 18, 1982
95
12381
Delegation of emergency management functions
September 8, 1982
96
12382
President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee
September 13, 1982
97
12383
Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1969 (Revised Edition)
September 23, 1982
98
12384
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority and the Delaware Transportation Authority, and certain labor organizations
October 1, 1982
99
12385
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between New Jersey Transit Rail Operations, Inc. and certain labor organizations
October 1, 1982
100
12386
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority and the Connecticut Department of Transportation, and certain labor organizations
October 1, 1982
101
12387
Adjustments of certain rates of pay and allowances
October 8, 1982
102
12388
United States Information Agency
October 14, 1982
103
12389
Amending the Generalized System of Preferences
October 25, 1982
104
12390
Delegation to the Secretary of State
October 25, 1982
105
12391
Partial suspension of Federal service labor-management relations
November 4, 1982
106
12392
International financial institutions
November 15, 1982
107
12393
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the Long Island Rail Road and certain labor organizations
November 16, 1982
108
12394
Incentive pay for hazardous duty
November 18, 1982
109
12395
International Private Enterprise Task Force
November 20, 1982
110
12396
Defense officer personnel management
December 9, 1982
111
12397
National Commission on Social Security Reform
December 23, 1982
112
12398
President's private sector survey on cost control in the Federal Government
December 31, 1982
113
12399
Continuance of certain Federal advisory committees
President's Commission on Industrial Competitiveness
January 6, 1984
172
12458
Delegation to the Secretary of State concerning foreign assistance
January 14, 1984
173
12459
Amending the Generalized System of Preferences
January 16, 1984
174
12460
Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1969 (Revised Edition)
January 24, 1984
175
12461
Designating a Federal Retirement System Under Pub. L. 98-168
February 17, 1984
176
12462
President's Advisory Committee on Mediation and Conciliation
February 17, 1984
177
12463
Nuclear Cooperation With EURATOM
February 23, 1984
178
12464
Award of the Purple Heart
February 23, 1984
179
12465
Commercial expendable launch vehicle activities
February 24, 1984
180
12466
Reimbursement of Federal employee relocation expenses
February 27, 1984
181
12467
International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico
March 2, 1984
182
12468
Presidential Advisory Council on the Peace Corps
March 22, 1984
183
12469
East-West Foreign Trade Report
March 26, 1984
184
12470
Continuation of export control regulations
March 30, 1984
185
12471
Amending the Generalized System of Preferences
March 30, 1984
186
12472
Assignment of national security and emergency preparedness telecommunications functions
April 3, 1984
187
12473
Courts-Martial Manual, United States, 1984
April 13, 1984
188
12474
Agreement on Government procurement
April 17, 1984
189
12475
Textile Import Program Implementation
May 9, 1984
190
12476
Presidential Commission on the Conduct of United States-Japan Relations
May 11, 1984
191
12477
Adjustments of certain rates of pay
May 23, 1984
192
12478
Transfer of authority to the Secretary of State to make reimbursements for protection of foreign missions to international organizations
May 23, 1984
193
12479
Management Reform in the Federal Government
May 24, 1984
194
12480
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between The Long Island Rail Road and the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers
June 20, 1984
195
12481
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between The Long Island Rail Road and the Brotherhood of Railway, Airline and Steamship Clerks, Freight Handlers, Express and Station Employees
June 20, 1984
196
12482
President's Advisory Committee on Women's Business Ownership
June 21, 1984
197
12483
Amending the Generalized System of Preferences
June 25, 1984
198
12484
Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
July 13, 1984
199
12485
Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System
July 13, 1984
200
12486
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation and the Brotherhood of Railroad Signalmen
August 24, 1984
201
12487
Adjustments of certain rates of pay
September 14, 1984
202
12488
Amending Executive Order No. 11157 as it relates to incentive pay for hazardous duty
September 27, 1984
203
12489
Continuance of certain Federal advisory committees
September 28, 1984
204
12490
National Commission on Space
October 12, 1984
205
12491
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the Long Island Rail Road and the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers
October 25, 1984
206
12492
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the Long Island Rail Road and the Brotherhood of Railway, Airline and Steamship Clerks, Freight Handlers, Express and Station Employees
October 25, 1984
207
12493
President's Commission on Executive Exchange
December 5, 1984
208
12494
Amending Executive Order No. 11157 as it relates to pay for hazardous duty
December 6, 1984
209
12495
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation and the Brotherhood of Railroad Signalmen
December 21, 1984
210
12496
Adjustments of certain rates of pay and allowances
December 28, 1984
211
12497
President's Advisory Committee on Mediation and Conciliation
President's Blue Ribbon Task Group on Nuclear Weapons Program Management
January 18, 1985
214
12500
Delegation to the Secretary of State and the Director of the International Development Cooperation Agency concerning foreign assistance
January 24, 1985
215
12501
Arctic Research
January 28, 1985
216
12502
Chemical Warfare Review Commission
January 28, 1985
217
12503
Presidential Commission on Outdoor Recreation Resources Review
January 28, 1985
218
12504
Protection of semiconductor chip products
January 31, 1985
219
12505
Conversion of appointments
February 12, 1985
220
12506
Nuclear Cooperation With EURATOM
March 4, 1985
221
12507
Continuance of the President's Commission on Organized Crime
March 22, 1985
222
12508
World Tourism Organization
March 22, 1985
223
12509
Technical Review Group on Inertial Confinement Fusion
April 14, 1985
224
12510
Non-foreign area cost-of-living allowances
April 17, 1985
225
12511
President's Child Safety Partnership
April 29, 1985
226
12512
Federal Real Property Management
April 29, 1985
227
12513
Prohibiting trade and certain other transactions involving Nicaragua
May 1, 1985
228
12514
Prescribing the Order of Succession of Officers To Act as Secretary of Defense, Secretary of the Army, Secretary of the Navy, and Secretary of the Air Force
May 14, 1985
229
12515
Amending the Generalized System of Preferences
May 14, 1985
230
12516
President's Commission on Executive Exchange
May 21, 1985
231
12517
Delegation concerning the United States-India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation
May 29, 1985
232
12518
Trade in Services
June 3, 1985
233
12519
Amending the Generalized System of Preferences
June 13, 1985
234
12520
Quarters allowance to Department of Defense employees in Panama
June 19, 1985
235
12521
Offsets in Military-related exports
June 24, 1985
236
12522
Reimbursement of Federal employee relocation expenses
June 24, 1985
237
12523
National White House Conference on Small Business
June 27, 1985
238
12524
Amending the Generalized System of Preferences
July 1, 1985
239
12525
Termination of Emergency Authority for Export Controls
July 12, 1985
240
12526
President's Blue Ribbon Commission on Defense Management
July 15, 1985
241
12527
Repealing Provisions Establishing an Administrative Position in the Food-for-Peace Program
August 7, 1985
242
12528
Presidential Board of Advisors on Private Sector Initiatives
August 8, 1985
243
12529
President's Commission on Americans Outdoors
August 14, 1985
244
12530
Establishment of Nicaraguan Humanitarian Aid Office
August 29, 1985
245
12531
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the United Transportation Union and certain railroads represented by the National Carriers' Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference
August 30, 1985
246
12532
Prohibiting trade and certain other transactions involving South Africa
September 9, 1985
247
12533
President's Advisory Committee on Mediation and Conciliation
September 30, 1985
248
12534
Continuance of certain Federal advisory committees
September 30, 1985
249
12535
Prohibition of the importation of the South African krugerrand
October 1, 1985
250
12536
Board of the Foreign Service
October 9, 1985
251
12537
President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
October 28, 1985
252
12538
Imports of refined petroleum products from Libya
November 15, 1985
253
12539
President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
December 3, 1985
254
12540
Adjustments of certain rates of pay and allowances
December 30, 1985
255
12541
Amending Executive Order 11157 as it relates to a basic allowance for quarters while on sea duty
December 30, 1985
256
12542
President's Blue Ribbon Commission on Defense Management
Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
February 19, 1986
265
12551
The President's Export Council
February 21, 1986
266
12552
Productivity Improvement Program for the Federal Government
February 25, 1986
267
12553
Revocation of Various Executive Orders
February 25, 1986
268
12554
Nuclear Cooperation With EURATOM
February 28, 1986
269
12555
Protection of Cultural Property
March 10, 1986
270
12556
Mailing privileges of members of Armed Forces of the United States and of friendly foreign nations
April 16, 1986
271
12557
Establishing an emergency board to investigate disputes between the Maine Central Railroad Company/Portland Terminal Company and certain of their employees represented by the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employees
May 16, 1986
272
12558
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the Long Island Rail Road and certain labor organizations representing Its employees
May 16, 1986
273
12559
Exclusions From the Federal-Labor Management Relations Program
May 20, 1986
274
12560
Administration of foreign relations and related functions
May 24, 1986
275
12561
Delegating certain functions of the President relating to Federal civilian employee and contractor travel expenses
July 1, 1986
276
12562
Establishing an emergency board to investigate disputes between certain railroads represented by the National Carriers' Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference and their employees represented by certain labor organizations
July 15, 1986
277
12563
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the Long Island Rail Road and certain labor organizations representing its employees
Exclusions From the Federal Labor-Management Relations Program
March 23, 1988
347
12633
Amending the Code of Conduct for Members of the Armed Forces of the United States
March 28, 1988
348
12634
Delegating authority to provide assistance and support for peace, democracy, and reconciliation in Central America
April 1, 1988
349
12635
Prohibiting certain transactions with respect to Panama
April 8, 1988
350
12636
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the Chicago and North Western Transportation Company and certain of its employees represented by the United Transportation Union
April 20, 1988
351
12637
Productivity improvement program for the Federal Government
April 27, 1988
352
12638
Delegation of functions relating to the implementation of the Inter-American Convention on Letters Rogatory and Additional Protocol
April 28, 1988
353
12639
Administration of foreign relations and related functions
May 6, 1988
354
12640
The President's Committee on Employment of People With Disabilities
May 10, 1988
355
12641
Designating certain facilities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the State of Mississippi as the John C. Stennis Space Center
May 20, 1988
356
12642
Designation of the Secretary of Defense as the Presidential designee Under Title I of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
June 8, 1988
357
12643
International Committee of the Red Cross
June 23, 1988
358
12644
Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation and Certain of its Employees Represented by the Transportation Communications Union-Carmen Division
July 9, 1988
359
12645
Amending Executive Order 12364, Relating to the Presidential Management Intern Program
July 12, 1988
360
12646
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation and certain of its employees Represented by the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
July 13, 1988
361
12647
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
August 2, 1988
362
12648
Relating to the Implementation of the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction
August 11, 1988
363
12649
Offsets in military-related exports
August 11, 1988
364
12650
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation and certain of its employees represented by the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers
September 9, 1988
365
12651
Offices of the Commission of the European Communities
September 9, 1988
366
12652
Return of authority to administer Federal Employees' Compensation Act to the Department of Labor from the Panama Canal Commission
September 19, 1988
367
12653
Amending Executive Order 11183, relating to the President's Commission on White House Fellowships
September 29, 1988
368
12654
Delegating authority to provide assistance for the Nicaraguan Resistance
October 7, 1988
369
12655
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation and certain of its employees represented by the Transportation Communications Union-Carmen Division
November 7, 1988
370
12656
Assignment of emergency preparedness responsibilities
November 18, 1988
371
12657
Federal Emergency Management Agency assistance in emergency preparedness planning at commercial nuclear power plants
November 18, 1988
372
12658
President's Commission on Catastrophic Nuclear Accidents
November 18, 1988
373
12659
Delegation of authority regarding the naval petroleum and oil shale reserves
December 15, 1988
374
12660
National Microgravity Research Board
December 16, 1988
375
12661
Implementing the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 and Related International Trade Matters
December 27, 1988
376
12662
Implementing the United States-Canada Free-Trade Implementation Act
Adjustments of certain rates of pay and allowances
January 6, 1989
378
12664
Establishing an emergency board to investigate a dispute between the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation and certain of its employees represented by the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers
January 6, 1989
379
12665
Amending Executive Order No. 12658, the President's Commission on Catastrophic Nuclear Accidents
January 12, 1989
380
12666
Exclusions From the Federal Labor-Management Relations Program
^Schmidt, Steffen W.; Shelley, Mack C.; Bardes, Barbara A.; Ford, Lynne E. (2013). American Government and Politics Today, 2013-2014. American and Texas Government (16th ed.). Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN978-1133602132.
^Hartman, Gary R. (2004). Landmark Supreme Court cases : the most influential decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. New York: Facts on File. p. 545. ISBN9781438110363.