List of document markup languages

The following is a list of document markup languages. You may also find the List of markup languages of interest.

Well-known document markup languages

• HyperText Markup Language (HTML) – the original markup language that was defined as a part of implementing World Wide Web, an ad hoc defined language inspired by the meta format SGML and which inspired many other markup languages.
• Keyhole Markup Language (KML/KMZ)[1] - the XML-based markup language used for exchanging geographic information for use with Google Earth.
• Markdown - simple plaintext markup popular as language of blog/cms posts and comments, multiple implementations.[2]
• Mathematical Markup Language (MathML)
• Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
• TeX, LaTeX – a format for describing complex type and page layout often used for mathematics, technical, and academic publications.
• Wiki markup – used in Wikipedia, MediaWiki and other Wiki installations.
• Extensible 3D (X3D)
• Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML): HTML reformulated in XML syntax.
  • XHTML Basic – a subset of XHTML for simple (typically mobile, handheld) devices. It is meant to replace WML, and C-HTML.
  • XHTML Mobile Profile (XHTML MP) – a standard designed for mobile phones and other resource-constrained devices.

Metalanguages

• Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) – a standard pattern for markup languages to which HTML and DocBook adhere.
• Extensible Markup Language (XML) – a newer standard pattern for markup languages; a restricted form of SGML that is intended to be compatible with it.

Lesser-known document markup languages

(including some lightweight markup languages)

• ABC notation - markup language for music scores in pure text.[3]
• Amigaguide – The Amiga hypertext documentation format, including multimedia support.
• AsciiDoc - plaintext markup language similar to Markdown
• AsciiDoctor - plaintext markup language (extending AsciiDoc) AsciiDoctor
• Chemical Markup Language (CML)
• Compact HyperText Markup Language (C-HTML) – used for some mobile phones.
• Computable Document Format - used for interactive technical documents.
• ConTeXt – a modular, structured formatting language based on TeX.
• Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) - modular open free format for technical and specialized documents.
• DocBook – format for technical (but not only) manuals and documentation.
• Encoded Archival Description (EAD)
• Enriched text – for formatting e-mail text.
• GML
  • Generalized Markup Language (GML)
  • Geography Markup Language[4][5] (GML)
  • Gesture Markup Language[6] (GML)
  • Graffiti Markup Language[7] (GML)
• GNU TeXmacs format[8] – used by the GNU TeXmacs document preparation system
• Guide Markup Language (GuideML) – used by the Hitchhiker's Guide site.[9]
• Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML) – designed for smartphones and handheld computers.
• Help Markup Language (HelpML)
• Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime)
• HyperTeX – for including hyperlinks in TeX (and LaTeX) documents.
• Information Presentation Facility (IPF) – is a system for presenting online help and hypertext on IBM OS/2 systems. It is also the default help file format used by the cross-platform fpGUI Toolkit project.
• JATS (Journal Article Tag Suite) – a NISO standard of XML used to describe and publish STEM (scientific/technical/engineering/medical) scholarly journal articles
• LilyPond – a system for music notation.
• LinuxDoc – used by the Linux Documentation Project.
• Lout – a document formatting functional programming language, similar in style to LaTeX.
• Maker Interchange Format (MIF)
• Microsoft Assistance Markup Language (MAML)
• Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)
• Music Extensible Markup Language (MusicXML)
• Open Mathematical Documents (OMDoc)
• OpenMath – a markup language for mathematical formulae which can complement MathML.
• Parameter Value Language, stores mission data in NASA's Planetary Database System
• Plain Old Documentation (POD) – a simple, platform-independent documentation tool for Perl.[10]
• Pillar - a markup syntax and associated tools to write and generate documentation written in Pharo
• PUB (markup language), an early scriptable markup language[11]
• Remote Telescope Markup Language (RTML)
• reStructuredText (reSt) - plaintext platform-independent markup used as Python libraries documentation tool, multiple output formats (HTML, LaTeX, ODT, EPUB, ...)[12]
• Retail Template Markup Language (RTML) – e-commerce language which is based on Lisp.
• Revisable-Form Text (RFT) – part of IBM's Document Content Architecture to allow transfer of formatted documents to other systems.
• S1000D – international specification for technical documentation related to commercial or military; aerospace, sea or land; vehicles or equipment.
• Scribble - Markup language based on Racket (programming language)[13]
• Scribe – Brian Reid's seminal markup language
• Script – Early IBM markup language on which GML is built.
• Semantic, Extensible, Computational, Styled, Tagged markup language (SECST) [14] - A more expressive and semantic alternative to Markdown that also transpiles to HTML.
• SiSU Structured Information, Serialized Units – generalized Markup language with several output formats
• SKiCal – a machine-readable format for the interchange of enhanced yellow-page directory listings.
• Skriv – lightweight markup language.
• Texinfo – GNU documentation format.
• Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) – Guidelines for text encoding in the humanities, social sciences and linguistics.
• Textile (markup language) – Plaintext XHTML web text.
• Time Management Markup Language[15](TMML) – For Time Management and rarely used for mobile alarm in 2008
• troff (typesetter runoff), groff (GNU runoff)
• UDO (markup language), a lightweight markup language
• Wireless Markup Language (WML), Wireless TV Markup Language (WTVML)
• Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) XML based user interface markup language
• Xupl – a C-style equivalent to XML.

Office document markup languages

• Compound Document Format
• Office Open XML (OOXML) – open standard format for office documents:
  • SpreadsheetML – spreadsheet language, part of Office Open XML
  • PresentationML – presentations language, part of Office Open XML
  • WordprocessingML – wordprocessing language, part of Office Open XML
  • Microsoft Office 2003 XML formats – predecessor of Office Open XML
• OpenDocument (ODF) – open standard format for office documents
  • OpenOffice.org XML – predecessor of OpenDocument
• ReportML – Report format language originating from Microsoft Access. (not a part of Office Open XML (yet))
• Rich Text Format (RTF) – Microsoft format for exchanging documents with other vendors' applications. (It is not really a markup language, as it was never meant for intuitive and easy typing.[16][17])
• Uniform Office Format (UOF) – open format for office documents, being harmonised with OpenDocument.

See also

• Comparison of document markup languages
• Comparison of Office Open XML and OpenDocument
• Lightweight markup language
• Page description language

References

1. Google Developers: Keyhole Markup Language KML Reference. Accessed on 2013/03/15.
2. "Daring Fireball: Markdown". Archived from the original on 2004-04-02. Retrieved 2014-04-25.
3. "Abc:standard [abc wiki]".
4. Open Geospatial Consortium, "Geography Markup Language", OGC accessed on 2013/03/15.
5. Geography Markup Language is an ISO standard (ISO 19136:2007).
6. Gesture Markup Language GestureML Wiki Archived 2013-03-10 at the Wayback Machine. Extensible markup language used to define gestures that describe interactive object behavior and the relationships between objects in an application. Accessed on 2013/03/15.
7. Graffiti Markup Language Graffiti Markup Language. Designed to maximize readability and ease of implementation for even hobbyist programmers, artists and graffiti writers. Accessed on 2013/03/15.
8. "The TeXmacs format".
9. h2g2
10. "Perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format - Perldoc Browser".
11. PUB Manual
12. "ReStructuredText". 24 May 2016.
13. Flatt, M.; Barzilay, E.; Findler, R. B. (2009). "Scribble: Closing the Book on Ad Hoc Documentation Tools". International Conference on Functional Programming.
14. SECST Markup Language SECST Markup Language
15. "TMML tutorial". sites.google.com. Retrieved 2019-10-29.
16. RTF Pocket Guide by O'Reilly Media, retrieved 2010-03-13
17. Sean M. Burke (July 2003). "RTF Pocket Guide". Amazon UK. Retrieved 2010-03-13.