List of Moorish structures in Spain and Portugal

The mihrab area of the Great Mosque of Córdoba (8th–10th centuries)

The Giralda tower (right), a former minaret (12th century), now part of the Seville Cathedral

The Alhambra complex in Granada, dating from the Nasrid period (13th–15th centuries), with later Christian Renaissance additions

This is a list of preserved or partly-preserved Moorish architecture in Spain and Portugal from the period of Muslim rule on the Iberian Peninsula (known as al-Andalus) from the 8th to 15th centuries. The list is organized by geographic location.

Spain

Alhama de Granada

• Arab baths of Alhama de Granada[1]

Alicante

• Santa Bárbara Castle

Almería

• Alcazaba
• Church of San Juan: former site of the city's Great Mosque, with an Almohad-era mihrab still preserved[2][3][4]: 92–93 

Antequera

• Alcazaba

Árchez

• Church of Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación: Nasrid minaret at the Mudéjar-style[5][6][4]: 112, 212 

Badajoz

• Alcazaba

Baños de la Encina

• Burgalimar Castle: Umayyad-era castle built in 967[7][8]

Córdoba

• Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba
• Madinat al-Zahra
• Caliphal Baths
• Calahorra Tower
• Noria of Albolafia
• Synagogue
• Church of San Juan de los Caballeros: the bell tower, also known as the "Minaret of San Juan", once belonged to a mosque (930)[9][10]

Gibraltar

• Moorish Castle

Gormaz

• Castle of Gormaz: 10th-century castle, with later modifications[11]

Granada

• Alhambra
  • Alcazaba: the main fortress of the Alhambra
  • Mexuar: one of the palaces partially preserved today
  • Comares Palace: one of the palaces preserved today
  • Palace of the Lions: one of the palaces preserved today
  • Partal Palace: one of the palaces preserved today
  • Palacio del Partal Alto: a former palace whose excavated remains are visible today
  • Palace of the Convent of San Francisco: a former palace whose remains were incorporated into a later Christian convent
  • Palace of the Abencerrajes: a former palace whose excavated remains are visible today
  • Torre de la Cautiva: one of several similar tower-residences, with other examples including the Torre de las Infantas and the Peinador de la Reina
• Generalife: a country palace, originally linked to the Alhambra by a covered walkway across the ravine that divides them
• Madrasa of Granada: prayer hall preserved inside a later Spanish Baroque building
• Corral del Carbón: a funduq (caravanserai)
• Alcaicería of Granada: Nasrid-era bazaar, but destroyed by fire in 19th century and rebuilt in different style[12]
• Albaicín quarter
  • El Bañuelo (Arab Baths)
  • Dar al-Horra
  • City walls and gates (remains from Zirid and Nasrid periods)[13]
  • Church of San José: Zirid-era minaret (ca. 1055)[14][15]
  • Church of San Juan de los Reyes: Almohad-era minaret[16][4]: 112, 212 
  • Casa de Zafra[17]
  • Church of San Salvador: remains of the courtyard and minaret of the former congregational mosque of the Albaicín[18][19]: 100 
  • Maristan of Granada
• Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo: partly-preserved Nasrid palace[20]
• Alcázar Genil: former Almohad and Nasrid-era residence, as well as a nearby ribat (rábita) converted into the Hermitage of San Sebastián[21]

Fiñana

• Ermita de Nuestro Padre Jesús: former Almohad mosque with remains of mihrab and surface decoration[22][4]: 215 

Jaén

• Arab Baths of Jaén
• Castle of Santa Catalina

Jerez de la Frontera

• Alcazar

Málaga

• Alcazaba
• Gibralfaro Castle
• Bobastro (located in Málaga Province), archaeological site and former 9th-century fortress[4]: 48 

Mérida

• Alcazaba

Murcia

• Castillejo de Monteagudo
• Monastery of Santa Clara: remains of 12th-century al-Qasr al-Seghir (Alcázar Seguir)
• Museum of the Church of San Juan de Dios: remains of mihrab of the former mosque of the main citadel (Alcázar Mayor)[23]

Niebla

• City walls and gates[4][24]

Ronda

• Arab baths of Ronda[25][26][4]: 212 
• Remains of mihrab of former main mosque at the Cathedral of Ronda[4]: 212 

Seville

• Giralda: former minaret of the Almohad Great Mosque of Seville (now the Seville Cathedral)
• Torre del Oro: Almohad defensive tower in Seville
• Alcazar of Seville: mostly rebuilt under Christian rule but in Moorish style, with the help of craftsmen from Granada[27]
• Walls of Seville
• Buhaira Gardens: former Almohad palace and garden
• Church of San Salvador: preserves traces of the former Mosque of Ibn Adabbas on this site, the first city's first great mosque[28][27]: 21 

Tarifa

• Castle of Tarifa

Toledo

• Mosque of Cristo de la Luz
• Puerta de Bisagra
• Puerta de Alcántara
• Mosque of las Tornerías
• Church of San Román (Mudéjar architecture)
• Synagogue of Santa Maria la Blanca (Mudéjar architecture)
• Synagogue del Tránsito (Mudéjar architecture)

Trujillo

• Alcazaba[29][30]

Zaragoza

• Aljafería: palace of the Banu Hud dynasty (second half of the 11th century)

Portugal

Albufeira

• Castle of Paderne

Lisbon

• Castle of São Jorge: almost entirely rebuilt after the Portuguese conquest; only some archeological remains[31] and a small part of the northern wall are preserved from the Islamic period[32]

Mértola

• Church of Nossa Senhora da Anunciação: former mosque

Silves

• Castle of Silves

Sintra

• Castle of the Moors

See also

• Alcazar of the Caliphs in Córdoba (no longer extant)
• List of former mosques in Spain
• List of former mosques in Portugal

References

1. "Arab baths of Alhama de Granada". Portal de Turismo de la Provincia de Granada. 2 October 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
2. Ewert, Christian (1971). "El mihrab de la mezquita mayor de Almería". Al-Andalus. 36 (2): 460.
3. "Iglesia de San Juan | Almería, Spain Attractions". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
4. Barrucand, Marianne; Bednorz, Achim (1992). Moorish architecture in Andalusia. Taschen. ISBN 3822876348.
5. "Qantara – Original minaret of the mosque of Árchez". qantara-med.org. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
6. "Archez". Andalucia.com. 5 August 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
7. Gil-Crespo, Ignacio-Javier (2016). "Islamic fortifications in Spain built with rammed earth". Construction History. 31 (2): 1–22.
8. "The Oldest Preserved Castle in Spain". Fascinating Spain (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 January 2022.
9. "Minaret of San Juan". Archnet. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
10. "MINARET OF SAN JUAN". tutto CÓRDOBA. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
11. "Qantara – Gormaz castle". qantara-med.org. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
12. "Qaysariyya of Granada". Archnet. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
13. "Walls of Albaicín". Portal de Turismo de la Provincia de Granada. 1 October 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
14. "Minaret at Iglesia de San José". Archnet. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
15. Marçais, Georges (1954). L'architecture musulmane d'Occident (in French). Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques.
16. "Minaret at Iglesia de San Juan de los Reyes". Archnet. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
17. "Casa de Zafra. Centro de Interpretacion del Albaicin". albaicin-granada.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
18. Dickie, James (1992). "Granada: A Case Study of Arab Urbanism in Muslim Spain". In Jayyusi, Salma Khadra; Marín, Manuela (eds.). The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Brill. p. 101. ISBN 978-90-04-09599-1.
19. Petersen, Andrew (1996). Dictionary of Islamic architecture. Routledge. ISBN 9781134613663.
20. "Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo". Portal de Turismo de la Provincia de Granada. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
21. Orihuela, Antonio (2021). "From the Private to the Public Space: Domestic and Urban Architecture of Islamic Granada". In Boloix-Gallardo, Bárbara (ed.). A Companion to Islamic Granada. Brill. pp. 421–424. ISBN 978-90-04-42581-1.
22. "Qantara – Église paroissiale de Fiñana". qantara-med.org. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
23. Cobaleda, María Marcos (2020). Artistic and Cultural Dialogues in the Late Medieval Mediterranean. Springer Nature. p. 146. ISBN 978-3-030-53366-3.
24. Dodds, Jerrilynn D., ed. (1992). Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0870996371.
25. "Baños de los Arabes (Arab baths)". Andalucia.com. 5 August 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
26. Fournier, Caroline (2016). Les Bains d'al-Andalus: VIIIe-XVe siècle. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes.
27. Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020). Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700–1800. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300218701.
28. "Iglesia Colegial del Salvador/Mosque of Ibn Abbas, Seville". IslamicLandmarks.com. 23 November 2012.
29. "Alcazaba de Trujillo » Castillos del Olvido". Castillos del Olvido (in Spanish). 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
30. "Castillo de Trujillo | Trujillo, Spain Attractions". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
31. Gaspar, Alexandra; Gomes, Ana; Oliveira, Teresa; Serra, Susana (2012–2013). "C Castelo de S. Jorge de Lisboa – Escavação, Musealização e Gestão de Património" (PDF). Arqueologia & Histórica (in Portuguese). 64–65: 203–2015.
32. Torres, Cláudio; Macias, Santiago; Gómez, Susana (2013). In the Lands of the Enchanted Moorish Maiden: Islamic Art in Portugal. Islamic Art in the Mediterranean. Museum With No Frontiers, MWNF (Museum Ohne Grenzen). ISBN 978-3-902782-13-7.