Laminaria ochroleuca

Laminaria ochroleuca
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Diaphoretickes
Clade: SAR
Clade: Stramenopiles
Phylum: Gyrista
Subphylum: Ochrophytina
Class: Phaeophyceae
Order: Laminariales
Family: Laminariaceae
Genus: Laminaria
Species:
L. ochroleuca
Binomial name
Laminaria ochroleuca
Bachelot de la Pylaie, 1824
Laminaria ochroleuca

Laminaria ochroleuca is a large kelp, an alga in the order Laminariales.[1] They are commonly known as golden kelp, due to their blade colouration, distinguishing them from Laminaria hyperborea[2]

Description

This large brown alga can grow to a length of 2 m. It has large leathery blades or fronds which grow from a stipe. The blade is without a midrib and divided into smooth linear sections. The stipe is stalk-like, stiff, smooth and attached to rocks by a claw-like holdfast.[1] It is similar to Laminaria hyperborea but it is more yellow in colour[3] and does not have the rough stipe of L. hyperborea.[1]

Despite initial belief that the species was declining, investigations in 2022 and 2023 displayed recent growth and abundance of new individuals.[4] It is suspected, however, that due to climate change, the range of Laminaria ochroleuca will shift north.[5] The ideal temperature for the sporophyte phase is 12-22 °C, while the gametophyte has a narrower range of 15-18 °C.[6]

Reproduction

The life-cycle is of the large diploid sporophyte alternating with the microscopic haploid stages producing female gametophytes which are fertilized by male gametophytes (sperm).[1]

Distribution

This species is found in the Northern Hemisphere, from Morocco to the south of England [7] In the UK, it was first documented in Plymouth Sound in 1946 [8] and its range expansion continues due to climate change.[9] It was found on the northeast coast of England beyond the Humber estuary before 1965.

Bioactive Compounds

Laminaria ochroleuca has been shown to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant qualities, as well as a valuable source of nutrition.[10][11] Actinobacteria strains isolated from Laminaria ochroleuca also revealed anticancer capabilities.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Bunker, F.StP,D., Brodie, J.A., Maggs, C.A. and Bunker, A.R. 2017. Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland. Second Edition. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, UK. ISBN 978-0-9955673-3-7
  2. ^ Franco, João N.; Tuya, Fernando; Bertocci, Iacopo; Rodríguez, Laura; Martínez, Brezo; Sousa-Pinto, Isabel; Arenas, Francisco (2018). "The 'golden kelp' Laminaria ochroleuca under global change: Integrating multiple eco-physiological responses with species distribution models". Journal of Ecology. 106 (1): 47–58. Bibcode:2018JEcol.106...47F. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12810. hdl:11568/943067.
  3. ^ Hardy, F.G. and Guiry, M.D. 2003. A Check-list and Atlas of the Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland. British Phycological Society, London. ISBN 0-9527115-16
  4. ^ Giacobbe, Salvatore; Ratti, Simona (2023-07-18). "Unexpected recovery of Laminaria ochroleuca in the Strait of Messina". Marine Biodiversity. 53 (4): 54. Bibcode:2023MarBd..53...54G. doi:10.1007/s12526-023-01356-x. ISSN 1867-1624. S2CID 259952182.
  5. ^ Pereira, Tânia R.; Engelen, Aschwin H.; Pearson, Gareth A.; Valero, Myriam; Serrão, Ester A. (March 2017). "Population dynamics of temperate kelp forests near their low-latitude limit". Aquatic Botany. 139: 8–18. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2017.02.006.
  6. ^ Schoenrock, Kathryn M.; O’Callaghan, Tony; O’Callaghan, Rory; Krueger-Hadfield, Stacy A. (2019-06-13). "First record of Laminaria ochroleuca Bachelot de la Pylaie in Ireland in Béal an Mhuirthead, county Mayo". Marine Biodiversity Records. 12 (1): 9. Bibcode:2019MBdR...12....9S. doi:10.1186/s41200-019-0168-3. ISSN 1755-2672.
  7. ^ Smale, Dan A.; Wernberg, Thomas; Yunnie, Anna L. E.; Vance, Thomas (2015). "The rise of Laminaria ochroleuca in the Western English Channel (UK) and comparisons with its competitor and assemblage dominant Laminaria hyperborea". Marine Ecology. 36 (4): 1033–1044. Bibcode:2015MarEc..36.1033S. doi:10.1111/maec.12199.
  8. ^ Parke, Mary (1948). "Laminaria ochroleuca de la Pylaie Growing on the Coast of Britain". Nature. 162 (4112): 295–296. Bibcode:1948Natur.162..295P. doi:10.1038/162295c0. PMID 18934880. S2CID 4104406.
  9. ^ Pereira, Tânia R.; Engelen, Aschwin H.; Pearson, Gareth A.; Valero, Myriam; Serrão, Ester A. (2017). "Population dynamics of temperate kelp forests near their low-latitude limit". Aquatic Botany. 139: 8–18. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2017.02.006.
  10. ^ Flórez-Fernández, Noelia; Torres, María Dolores; González-Muñoz, María Jesús; Domínguez, Herminia (March 2019). "Recovery of bioactive and gelling extracts from edible brown seaweed Laminaria ochroleuca by non-isothermal autohydrolysis". Food Chemistry. 277: 353–361. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.096. PMID 30502157. S2CID 54535039.
  11. ^ Silva, Aurora; Rodrigues, Carla; Garcia-Oliveira, Paula; Lourenço-Lopes, Catarina; Silva, Sofia A.; Garcia-Perez, Pascual; Carvalho, Ana P.; Domingues, Valentina F.; Barroso, M. Fátima; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Simal-Gandara, Jesus; Prieto, Miguel A. (2021-08-18). "Screening of Bioactive Properties in Brown Algae from the Northwest Iberian Peninsula". Foods. 10 (8): 1915. doi:10.3390/foods10081915. ISSN 2304-8158. PMC 8394977. PMID 34441692.
  12. ^ Girão, Mariana; Ribeiro, Inês; Ribeiro, Tiago; Azevedo, Isabel C.; Pereira, Filipe; Urbatzka, Ralph; Leão, Pedro N.; Carvalho, Maria F. (2019). "Actinobacteria Isolated From Laminaria ochroleuca: A Source of New Bioactive Compounds". Frontiers in Microbiology. 10: 683. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00683. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 6465344. PMID 31024480.