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L'Étoile de mer
L'Étoile de mer (English: The Starfish) is a 1928 film directed by Man Ray and based on a short poem and longer scenario, both written by Robert Desnos. The film depicts a couple (played by Alice Prin, a.k.a. "Kiki", and André de la Rivière) acting through scenes that are shot out of focus, and with Desnos himself as the second man in the final scene. SynopsisAlmost all of the scenes in this film are shot either off a mirror like the final shot, or through what appears to be diffused and textured glass. After opening to the couple walking along a road, the scene cuts to a caption
A short scene where the female alters her stocking.
From this point the couple retire to the upper bedroom of a house and the female undresses and retires, at which point the male bids her farewell.
The male leaves the house.
The film cuts to a female selling newspapers in the street, this is André de la Rivière in drag.
A man is shown purchasing a starfish in a jar, returning it home to examine further.
The film then changes focus, following newspapers being blown in the wind while a man attempts to pick them up. Scenes from a railway journey appear briefly, tugboats docking at a wharfside followed by a panning city scape.
Followed by a montage of various rotating objects, including the starfish in a jar. A few still lifes appear, again featuring the starfish.
We rejoin the man as he ascends the staircase to the upper bedroom in the house, leaving the starfish at the foot of the stairs. The film cuts to the woman brandishing a large knife superimposed with the starfish.
We return to the female reclining in the bedroom.
The film then reveals a short end to the characters love triangle.
The female appears in a mirror with the word 'belle', which shatters. The affair is over, and the film brings to a close. ProductionL'Étoile de mer
Shortly before sailing to Cuba on 21 February 1928,[1]: 10 Desnos had written the short poem above[2]: 421 inspired by a starfish he owned, and which he viewed as the symbolic incarnation of a lost love.[2]: 426 During a farewell dinner held that evening with Man Ray, Kiki and one of her friends, Desnos read out this poem, further elaborated into a scenario comprising fifteen to twenty verses,[note 1] and using the lines of the short poem as intertitles.[2]: 422–425 Deeply affected by Desnos's reading, Man Ray immediately saw in it the scenario of a surrealist film and promised the poet—who therefore entrusted his scenario to Man Ray—that it would be completed in time for his return from Cuba a few weeks later.[2]: 428 The next day, Man Ray started the project by filming the final scene, featuring Desnos himself.[2]: 429 In addition to using the lines of the short poem as intertitles, Man Ray reproduced a phrase from Desnos's Deuil pour Deuil ("Les dents des femmes sont des objets si charmants qu’on ne devrait les voir qu'en rêve ou à l'instant de l'amour", where "l'amour" replaced Desnos's original "la mort"),[3]: 267 as well as other surrealist word games ("Si belle! Cybèle?"; "Il faut battre les morts quand ils sont froids"),[3]: 268 or simply "Adieu".[3]: 270 Man Ray used a gelatine dry-plate process to achieve the effect of textured glass and render the spectral images of the film like a drawing or rudimentary painting, thus also resolving his concern about the censorship of nude scenes.[2]: 429 [3]: 278 Originally a silent film, recent copies have been dubbed using music taken from Man Ray's personal record collection of the time. The musical reconstruction was by Jacques Guillot.[citation needed] See alsoNotes
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