Kosswig's smooth newt

Kosswig's smooth newt
Male during breeding season[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Urodela
Family: Salamandridae
Genus: Lissotriton
Species:
L. kosswigi
Binomial name
Lissotriton kosswigi
(Freytag, 1955)[3]
range in northwestern Anatolia
Synonyms[4]

Triturus vulgaris kosswigi Freytag, 1955

Kosswig's smooth newt (Lissotriton kosswigi) is a newt species found in northwestern Anatolia, east of the Bosphorus.[1][5][6]: 234 

Günther Erich Freytag described the species in 1955 as Triturus vulgaris kosswigii, a subspecies of the smooth newt (now Lissotriton vulgaris).[3] After genetic data had suggested the smooth newt was a complex of distinct lineages,[7] Dubois and Raffaëlli, in 2009, recognised several subspecies, including Kosswig's smooth newt, as distinct species.[8] This was followed by subsequent authors.[4][5][9] Molecular phylogenetics suggested that the closest relative of Kosswig's smooth newt is the Greek smooth newt (Lissotriton graecus) from the Balkans.[9]

The species differs from other species in the smooth newt species complex mainly in the male secondary characters during breeding season.[5] The male dorsal crest is less than 1 mm high, but high at the tail base, has smooth edges, and ends in a long filament. The well-developed dorso-lateral folds give the body a square shape. The toe flaps are well developed.[6]: 234 

Paedomorphic adults have been reported for Kosswig's smooth newt.[10]

Due to a limited range, a fragmented population and a continuous decline to the extent and quality of its habitat, the species is listed as vulnerable.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b Wielstra, B.; Bozkurt, E.; Olgun, K. (2015). "The distribution and taxonomy of Lissotriton newts in Turkey (Amphibia, Salamandridae)". ZooKeys (484): 11–23. doi:10.3897/zookeys.484.8869. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 4361781. PMID 25829839.
  2. ^ a b IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2023). "Lissotriton kosswigi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T79077589A176721862. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T79077589A176721862.en. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  3. ^ a b Freytag, G.E. (1955). "Ein neuer Teichmolch aus der Türkei". Zoologischer Anzeiger (in German). 154: 195–200.
  4. ^ a b Frost, D.R. (2020). "Lissotriton kosswigi (Freytag, 1955)". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. New York, USA: American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Archived from the original on 25 April 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  5. ^ a b c Wielstra, B.; Canestrelli, D.; Cvijanović, M.; et al. (2018). "The distributions of the six species constituting the smooth newt species complex (Lissotriton vulgaris sensu lato and L. montandoni) – an addition to the New Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe" (PDF). Amphibia-Reptilia. 39 (2): 252–259. doi:10.1163/15685381-17000128. S2CID 4941926. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2019.
  6. ^ a b Sparreboom, M. (2014). Salamanders of the Old World: The Salamanders of Europe, Asia and Northern Africa. Zeist, The Netherlands: KNNV Publishing. doi:10.1163/9789004285620. ISBN 9789004285620.
  7. ^ Babik, W.; Branicki, W.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.; et al. (2005). "Phylogeography of two European newt species – discordance between mtDNA and morphology". Molecular Ecology. 14 (8): 2475–2491. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02605.x. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 15969729. S2CID 7484766.
  8. ^ Dubois, A. & Raffaëlli, J. (2017). "A new ergotaxonomy of the family Salamandridae Goldfuss, 1820 (Amphibia, Urodela)" (PDF). Alytes. 26: 1–85. S2CID 85602660. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2020.
  9. ^ a b Pabijan, M.; Zieliński, P.; Dudek, K.; Stuglik, M. & Babik, W. (2017). "Isolation and gene flow in a speciation continuum in newts". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 116: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.08.003. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 28797693.
  10. ^ Bozkurt, E.; Olgun, K.; Wielstra, B. (2015). "First record of facultative paedomorphism in the Kosswig's newt Lissotriton (vulgaris) kosswigi (Freytag, 1955) (Urodela; Salamandridae), endemic to northwestern Turkey". Turkish Journal of Zoology. 39: 976–980. doi:10.3906/zoo-1408-53. hdl:1887/3281022. ISSN 1300-0179.


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