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Korea Communications Standards Commission
The Korea Communications Standards Commission (Korean: 방송통신심의위원회; Hanja: 放送通信審議委員會; RR: Bangsongtongsinsimui Wiwonhoe) is an institution of the South Korean government that regulates communications including film, television, radio, and internet.[1] At its formation in 2008, the KCSC replaced an earlier body, the Information and Communication Ethics Committee.[1] In September 2011, the KCSC decided to open up its three discussion committees to the public.[2] TV program ratingsThe South Korean television rating system has been in force since 2000, and it started with only four classifications which are All, 7, 13 and 18. In February 2001, all programs except domestic dramas (which had been enforced since November 2002) are required to have a rating system. In 2007, rating 13 was changed into 12 and a new rating, 15 is introduced. Most programs have to be rated, except the "exempt" rating below. Even if it qualifies for being exempt, a broadcaster may apply a rating.[3] 
Rating icons may be transparent, and can be positioned either on the upper-left or upper-right corner of the screen. The icon has a size of at least 1/20 of the screen, and has black writing on a yellow circle with a white outline. These icons are shown for 30 seconds when the program starts, and are shown again every 10 minutes, and when the program resumes after commercial breaks. This does not apply to 19-rated programs, where the icon must be visible throughout the entire program. These regulations do not apply to the "All" rating, as it does not have an icon. A rating disclaimer is displayed on the start of the program for five seconds explaining "This program is prohibited for children under the age of X, so parental accompaniment is required"(이 프로그램은 X세 미만의 어린이/청소년이 시청하기에 부적절하므로 보호자의 시청지도가 필요한 프로그램입니다, I peu-ro-geu-raem eun "X: se-mi-man ui eo rin-i/cheong-so nyeon-i si cheong hagi e bu-jeok jeol ha-meu robo hoja ui si cheong-ji doga pir-yo han peu-ro-geu-raem ipnida) for 7, 12, and 15 ratings. "All" and "19" ratings have a different disclaimer, which say "This program is suitable for all ages"(이 프로그램은 모든 연령의 시청자가 시청할 수 있는 프로그램입니다) and "This program is prohibited for children under the age of 19"(이 프로그램은 19세 미만의 청소년이 시청하기에 부적절한 프로그램입니다) respectively. These ratings are used by all South Korean television broadcasters. Despite being intended for viewing within the country, KBS World also uses these ratings. South Korean television ratings do not include content descriptors or advisories as they do in other nations. The ratings are therefore used in a broader sense. CensorshipFrom 2004 to some time before 2013,[when?] the KCSC has required Korean citizens to enter government issued ID numbers in order to post political comments online.[4] During the presidency of Lee Myung-bak the KCSC was criticized for a perceived heavy bias in favor of the Lee Myung-bak government. On August 3, 2008, KCSC requested the internet portal, Daum, to delete posts and comments negative towards Lee Myung-bak during the heyday of the anti-beef imports.[5] Some lay members of the National Assembly protested against KCSC's censorship-like decision to monitor content in social network services and mobile applications.[6] Moon Yong-sik (문용식) CEO of the South Korean internet contents company, Nowcom, has expressed concerns about the KCSC becoming a tool to monitor and to censor online content that expresses anti-government and anti-big business messages.[7] The KCSC had considered penalizing SBS and MBC for showing Twitter messages that are critical against President Lee and his government.[8] SNSThe KCSC planned to set up a regulatory office dedicated to supervising posts on SNS outlets.[9] However, the Constitutional Court of Korea ruled against KCSC's decision to regulate voting-related posts on SNS outlets.[10] Criticism
See alsoReferences
External links
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