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Kliment Arkadievich Timiryazev, sometimes Timiriazev (Russian: Климент Аркадьевич Тимирязев; 22 May [O.S. 3 June] 1843 – 28 April 1920) was a Russian botanist and physiologist and a major proponent of thought of Charles Darwin in Russia.[2] He founded a faculty of vegetable physiology and a laboratory at the Petrovskoye Academy.
In 1911 Timiriazev put forth the idea of organizing scientific research in special institutes outside the universities, which later became the dominant Soviet trend. Shortly before his death in 1920, he publicly endorsed the Bolshevik regime, thus helping to forge the pact between research-oriented scientists and the Soviet government.[4]
Darwinism
Timiryazev was a major proponent of the evolution theory of Charles Darwin in Russia. In 1877, he visited and met Darwin at Down House.[5][6]
Timiryazev promoted Darwinism in his works and prepared a Russian translation of On the Origin of Species. However, he was highly critical of the term "struggle for existence" which he rejected. He believed that it was an unfortunate metaphor with negative social implications and stated that Darwinism could be taught without using the word "struggle".[7]
At the University of Moscow, Alexander Oparin attended private lectures of Timiryazev. These lectures on evolution were highly influential to Oparin. He also lectured on Darwinism at his flat in Moscow.[8]
At the beginning of the Tverskoy Boulevard in Moscow there is a statue of Timiryazev which was unveiled on 4 November 1923, sculpted by Sergey Merkurov and laid out by the architect Osipov. Timiryazev is depicted in the gown of Cambridge University where he was awarded an honorary doctorate. The granite pedestal bears the inscription of 'the curve of plant physiology' which Timiryazev elucidated. In October 1941 the statue was overturned by a Fascist bomb, but after a few hours it was back in its place. Its lower half still bears the marks caused by bomb splinters.
^Chela-Flores, Julian. (2012). The New Science of Astrobiology: From Genesis of the Living Cell to Evolution of Intelligent Behaviour in the Universe. Springer. p. 180. ISBN978-1-4020-2229-6 "Darwin influenced a young Russian scientist, who went to meet him in his home in Down House, near Farnborough in Kent, England. The name of the young scientist was K. A. Timiryazev (1843–1920)."
^Timiriazev, Kliment. [1877]. "A Visit to Darwin at Down". From: Historical note K. A. Timiriazev: A visit to Darwin, with notes by Leon Bell. Archipelago 9 (2006): 47–58.
^Düwell, Marcus; Rehmann-Sutter, Christoph; Mieth, Dietmar. (2008). The Contingent Nature of Life: Bioethics and the Limits of Human Existence. Springer. p. 348. ISBN978-1-4020-6762-4
^Margulis, Lynn; Matthews, Clifford; Haselton, Aaron. (2000). Environmental Evolution: Effects of the Origin and Evolution of Life on Planet Earth. MIT Press. p. 86. ISBN0-262-63197-0