Kelowna is the province's third-largest metropolitan area (after Vancouver and Victoria). At the same time, it is the seventh-largest city overall and the largest in the Interior.[10] It is the 20th-largest metropolitan area in Canada. The city proper encompasses 211.85 km2 (81.80 sq mi),[4] and the census metropolitan area 2,904.86 km2 (1,121.57 sq mi).[4] Kelowna's estimated population in 2020 is 222,748 in the metropolitan area and 142,146 in the city proper.[11] After a period of suburban expansion into the surrounding mountain slopes, the city council adopted a long-term plan intended to increase density instead — particularly in the downtown core. This has resulted in the construction of taller buildings, including One Water Street — a 36-story building that is the tallest in Kelowna.[12] Other high rise developments have already broken ground or been approved since then, including a 42-storey tower on Leon Avenue which will be the tallest building in the city, and among the tallest in B.C.[13]
The exact dates of the first settlement in the Okanagan Valley are unknown, but a northern migration led to the habitation of this area some 9,000 years ago.[14] The Indigenous Syilx people are the first known inhabitants of the region where they continue to live today.
In 1811, David Stuart travelled to the Okanagan Valley, becoming the first European to do so.[15] Despite this, it was not until 1859 that Father Pandosy, a French Roman CatholicOblate missionary, became the first European to settle there. Pandosy's settlement was located at l'Anse au Sable (Bay of Sand), which he named in reference to its sandy shoreline. Although the population remained small for the rest of the 19th century, sustenance fruit growing expanded in Kelowna during the 1870s, and by the 1890s, commercial agriculture had become firmly established.[16]
Kelowna was officially incorporated on May 4, 1905, with a population of 600.[17] The town's first mayor was Henry Raymer.[15]
Although agriculture had become an important mark of Kelowna in the surrounding region, the town relied entirely on transportation over Okanagan Lake until 1925. In 1893, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) constructed the steamer SS Aberdeen on the lake, which served as the first significant transportation link between Kelowna and Penticton, greatly increasing the speed of Kelowna's growth.[18] On September 11, 1925, CP was extended to Kelowna, ending the town's reliance on Okanagan Lake for transportation and trade.[15]
In 1911, Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen visited Kelowna for fundraising. At that time, approximately 15% of the population was ethnically Chinese.[19]
On August 6, 1969, a sonic boom from a nearby air show broke a quarter million dollars worth of glass, injuring six people. The destruction was caused by a member of the United States Blue Angels during a practice routine for the Kelowna Regatta festival when the pilot accidentally broke the sound barrier while flying too low.[20]
On November 25, 2005, the First Ministers and National Aboriginal Leaders signed the Kelowna Accord, which sought to improve the lives of Indigenous peoples.[21]
Kelowna celebrated its centennial in May 2005. The same year, construction began on the five-lane William R. Bennett Bridge to replace the three-lane Okanagan Lake Bridge as part of a plan to alleviate traffic problems during the summer tourist season. The new bridge was completed in 2008.[22]
On July 12, 2021, a crane suffered a catastrophic failure while being dismantled at a construction site located at St. Paul Street near Bernard Avenue in downtown Kelowna. Part of the crane struck a nearby office building and a seniors home. The city declared a local state of emergency, and the area's residents were evacuated. Five people were killed in the collapse: four construction workers and one person in the office building.[23][24]
Henry Raymer, the first mayor of Kelowna
The SS Aberdeen (back) and a smaller steamship (the Kelowna, front) in the dock at Kelowna in 1906
Kelowna in 1909 as viewed from across Okanagan Lake
In Kelowna, many seasonal wildfires have occurred over the years. Some significant fires warranting evacuations and/or causing damage are listed below:
In August 2003, a nearby wildfire destroyed 239 homes and forced the temporary evacuation of about 30,000 residents.[25] Many trestles of the historic Kettle Valley Railway were destroyed. The trestles have been rebuilt to look like the originals but using smaller dimension beams. This fire consumed 25,000 hectares (62,000 acres) of land.
In July 2009, wildfires destroyed hundreds of hectares of forest and several buildings in West Kelowna; 17,000 residents were evacuated.[26]
In July 2009, a 100 ha (250 acres) fire near Rose Valley caused the evacuation of 7,000 people. No structures were lost.
In July 2009, a 9,200 ha (23,000 acres) fire behind Fintry caused the evacuation of 2,500 people. No structures were lost.
In September 2012, a late-season, 200 ha (490 acres) fire destroyed seven buildings and caused the evacuation of 1,500 people in the community of Peachland.
In July 2014, a 340 ha (840 acres) fire behind the West Kelowna subdivision of Smith Creek caused the evacuation of 3,000 people.
In July 2015, a 560 ha (1,400 acres) fire near Shelter Cove caused the evacuation of 70 properties.
In August 2015, a 130 ha (320 acres) fire burned near Little White Mountain, just south of Kelowna.
In August 2017, a 400 ha (990 acres) fire in the Joe Rich area caused the evacuation of over 474 properties.[27]
In August 2023, a 6,800 ha (17,000 acres) fire was burning in the McDougall Creek area on the west side of Okanagan Lake, causing the evacuation order of over 2,400 properties; winds carried embers across the lake to Kelowna, spawning fires and the loss of city structures.[28]
Kelowna is classified as a humid continental climate or an inland oceanic climate per the Köppen climate classification system due to its coldest month having an average temperature slightly above −3.0 °C (26.6 °F) and below 0 °C (32 °F),[30] with dry, hot, sunny summers and cool, cloudy winters, and four seasons.[31][32] The official climate station for Kelowna is at the Kelowna International Airport, which is at a higher elevation than the city core, with slightly higher precipitation and cooler nighttime temperatures. Kelowna has the second mildest winter of any non-coastal city in Canada, after neighbouring Penticton.[33] This is caused by the moderating effects of Okanagan Lake combined with mountains separating most of BC from the prairies; however bitter Arcticair masses can occasionally penetrate the valley during winter, usually for very short periods. The coldest recorded temperature in the city was −36.1 °C (−33.0 °F) recorded on December 30, 1968. The last time the lake completely froze over was in the winter of 1969.A partial lake freeze also took place in the winter of 1985–1986. Some winters pass without any significant surface ice.
An inversion layer of cloud created by Pacific low pressure system moving into or stalling over the southern interior give Kelowna and the Okanagan Valley near constant cloudy conditions during December and January, making it the cloudiest winter climate in Canada, outside of parts of Newfoundland. Since Okanagan Lake rarely freezes, the warmer air from the lake rises above the colder atmospheric air, leading to a temperature inversion that also contributes to the valley being enveloped by clouds.[34] This valley cloud has a low ceiling, and often bright sunshine can be experienced by driving approximately 20 minutes up into the nearby mountains. Summer days in Kelowna are very warm with periods of hot and sunny conditions. Temperatures typically reach the high 30s °C, or above for at least a few days each summer. The hottest temperature ever recorded in Kelowna was 45.7 °C (114.3 °F) on June 29, 2021.[35] During summer, clear, dry air allows night-time temperatures to fall rapidly, however in the built-up city near lakeside, nights are somewhat warm on average by Canadian standards. The city averages about 380 mm (15 in) of precipitation per year, with about a fifth of the precipitation falling as snow, the bulk in December and January; however, June is the wettest month of the year, followed by a sharp drying trend through the remainder of summer.
While some smaller communities such as Blue River and Golden get less wind, Kelowna has the greatest percentage of "calm" wind observations for any major city in Canada (39% of the time).[36][37] The four-year average wind measured at the airport has been less than 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) on average 10 to 12 months of the year between 2008 and 2011.[38] Kelowna has an average high temperature that is above freezing every month of the year, rare for an inland Canadian city.
Central City is a linear commercial sector along Harvey Avenue, from downtown to Highway 33. Major commercial developments include the Capri Centre Mall, the Landmark buildings, and the Orchard Park Shopping Centre. Commercial activity is mainly concentrated along or near Highway 97 (Harvey).
Dilworth Mountain
Dilworth Mountain is a relatively low, isolated mountain just over 2000 feet near the city's geographic centre. Adjoining Knox Mountain to the west, it is part of the eastern heights that form Glenmore Valley and rises about one thousand feet above the rest of the Okanagan Valley. It has been extensively developed in recent years, with scenic suburban-influenced neighbourhoods only minutes from Central City. Like many other Kelowna residential districts, Dilworth has gone from relative isolation and wilderness to a community hosting hundreds of homes, many of which are considered relatively high-end.
Downtown
Downtown Kelowna from Dilworth Mountain in 2021
Central Kelowna is a tourist district alongside Okanagan Lake. It is officially defined as all land north of Highway 97, south of Clement Avenue, east of Okanagan Lake, and west of Richter Street. There are two main routes through the downtown core, along which attractions and commerce are concentrated. These include several parks and beaches, boardwalks and other walking trails, Kelowna Marina and Yacht Club, the Delta Grand Hotel and Casino, and Prospera Place arena. The other main route through downtown is Bernard Avenue from Richter Street to the lake, with more shops and restaurants designed for locals and tourists. Although Bernard Avenue continues east well past downtown, it is not part of downtown and is zoned residential. The commercial segment lies within its downtown section between Richter and Abbott streets, the latter of which is lake-adjacent.[49]
Kelowna has declared a 1 km2 (0.39 sq mi) downtown area a "red zone" of prolific drug trafficking, assaults and robberies.[50] The red zone extends from Okanagan Lake to the west, Lake Avenue, Rowcliffe to Ethel and Ethel to Stockwell, Doyle and back to the lake.[51] The red zone was identified in 1992 to reduce street crime. The RCMP conducts annual "spring sweeps" there, arresting low-level drug dealers.[52][53] Kelowna was the second British Columbia city to declare a red zone.[51][54]
Glenmore
Glenmore is a suburb primarily within Glenmore Valley, a subsection of the Okanagan Valley in the Kelowna area. It has been extensively developed in the past two decades, transforming from a small suburb with a rural character to large suburban neighbourhoods, including several elementary schools and a rapidly growing commercial hub. While most of its homes are on the relatively flat valley bottom, several large and more recent neighbourhoods, including the community of Wilden, are being built into the adjacent mountains.
Midtown
The Midtown area, bordered by Enterprise Way on the north and Springfield and Baron Road on the south, is a popular shopping destination for locals. Orchard Park, the shopping complex in BC's interior, is here. Since most of Midtown consists of large, car-oriented big-box stores, it is often criticized for its plainness; its contributions to urban sprawl and the decline of the pedestrian-oriented Downtown; and its lack of green space, as the area was formerly a linear park and golf course.
Mission
Known locally as "the Mission" (or "Okanagan Mission") to differentiate it from the Lower Mainland city of Mission, this area was a separate jurisdiction before being amalgamated with Kelowna in the mid-to-late-20th century. It features a vibrant secondary commercial centre separate from the downtown, with low- to moderate-density residential areas between them. Its northern border is K.L.O. Road. It is often differentiated as Lower Mission and Upper Mission.
The Lower Mission contains most of the aforementioned commercial areas, such as shopping malls, grocery stores, coffee shops, and boutiques, and also has extensive recreational facilities. Mission Recreation Park has six softball diamonds, soccer fields, community gardens, playgrounds, and trails while neighbouring H2O is Kelowna's largest indoor recreation facility with a 50 m pool, water slides, diving boards, and surfing waves. Gyro Beach and Rotary Beach, two of Kelowna's most popular beaches, are also located in the Lower Mission.
The Upper Mission begins to extend into the foothills and higher terrain, and many parts of this area boast magnificent views of the city, mountains and Okanagan Lake. As a result, this part of town is widely regarded as luxurious and is indeed one of the most expensive neighbourhoods of Kelowna. It is not unusual to see homes worth one million dollars or more, the most costly of which can reach 5 million or even slightly above.
Rutland
Rutland is Kelowna's largest neighbourhood by far. Although most of the area sits on the valley bottom and is therefore relatively flat, the fringes continue up into the hills and are thus built at higher elevations and possess more expansive views than the rest of the neighbourhood; these homes are correspondingly more expensive. This is the exception, however, as the majority of Rutland is among the most affordable of Kelowna housing. Additionally, the presence of numerous low-rise apartment buildings contributes to a higher population density compared to other areas of the town. Rutland was a town until it amalgamated with Kelowna in 1973,[55] and this union has resulted in Rutland having a distinct commercial centre with many shops and restaurants. An improvement and gentrification effort has been ongoing for the past decade, with new parks, widened sidewalks, bike lanes, a renovated YMCA, a rebuilt high school, and many new shops and condominiums being added.
The service industry employs the most people in Kelowna, the largest city in the tourist-oriented Okanagan Valley. In summer, boating, golf, hiking and biking are popular, and in winter, both skiing and snowboarding are favourite activities at the nearby Big White and Silver Star ski resorts. Tourism in the Greater Kelowna Area has now become a $1-billion a year industry, as of 2016.[56]
Kelowna produces wines that have received international recognition.[57][58]Vineyards are common around and south of the city where the climate is ideal for the many wineries. At least two major wineries were damaged or destroyed (now rebuilt) in 2003 due to the Okanagan Mountain Park Fire. Kelowna is also the home of Sun-Rype, a popular manufacturer of fruit bars and juices.[59]
Okanagan College and University of British Columbia are the predominant centres for post-secondary education. Over 8,745[60] students attend Okanagan College and 8,718 students attend the University of British Columbia. In addition to vocational training and adult basic education, the college offers a highly regarded university transfer program. University of British Columbia's Okanagan campus has a student population of over 8,000 full-time students enrolled in diverse undergraduate and graduate programs.[61]
Kelowna is the seat of the Regional District of the Central Okanagan, the third-largest metropolitan area in British Columbia after Vancouver and Victoria and the largest in the British Columbia Interior. With scenic lake vistas and a dry, mild climate, Kelowna has become one of the fastest-growing cities in North America. The appropriate management of such rapid development (and its attendant consequences) is a source of significant debate within the community. Kelowna is the fourth least affordable housing market in Canada, currently maintaining the classification of "Severely Unaffordable."[62] Because of the Okanagan's climate and vineyard-filled scenery, it is often compared to Napa Valley, California.[63]
Due to its moderate population, Kelowna is often used as a market trial area where national businesses and organizations can test a new product. Examples include:
In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Kelowna had a population of 144,576 living in 62,209 of its 67,115 total private dwellings, a change of 13.5% from its 2016 population of 127,390. With a land area of 211.85 km2 (81.80 sq mi), it had a population density of 682.4/km2 (1,767.5/sq mi) in 2021.[68]
At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Kelowna CMA had a population of 222,162 living in 94,335 of its 102,097 total private dwellings, a change of 14% from its 2016 population of 194,892. With a land area of 2,902.45 km2 (1,120.64 sq mi), it had a population density of 76.5/km2 (198.2/sq mi) in 2021.[69]
In 2011, 48.4% of residents were male and 51.6% were female. The predominant language spoken in Kelowna is English.[citation needed]
Children under five accounted for approximately 4.8% of the resident population of Kelowna. This compares to 5.2% in British Columbia and 5.6% for Canada. In mid-2001, 18.4% of the resident population in Kelowna were of retirement age (65 and over for males and females), compared with 13.2% in Canada; the average age is 41.1, compared to an average age of 37.6 in Canada.
Kelowna's population growth has been driven primarily by the movement of Canadians from BC and other provinces into this region, not by international immigration.[70] Only 15.1% of the population is foreign-born.[70] On February 10, 2016, Statistics Canada declared the 3.1% Kelowna census metropolitan area growth rate as being the highest in Canada.[71]
Religious groups
According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Kelowna included:[72]
As per the 2021 census, visible minorities comprise about 14% of the population of Kelowna. The largest group of visible minorities are, in order of size, South Asian (4.4%), Chinese (1.9%), Filipino (1.7%), Black (1.3%), Latin American (0.9%) Japanese (0.9%), Southeast Asian (0.7%), Korean (0.5%), West Asian (0.5%), and Arab (0.4%).[72][70]
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.
Chinese population
Kelowna had a historic Chinatown in the area between Harvey Avenue and Leon Avenue, east of Abbott and west of Highway 97 / Harvey Avenue.[77] Historically, most residents of this Chinatown were males.[78] In 1909, 15% of Kelowna's population was ethnic Chinese.[77] In 1911, the percentage was the same. That year, Sun Yat-sen visited Kelowna for fundraising purposes.[19] In 1978, the remaining traditional Chinese business ceased operations.[77] By 2010, less than 1% of Kelowna's population was ethnic Chinese.[19] A section of the façade of the rebuilt "Chinese Store" that was in Chinatown is now housed at the Kelowna Museum.[79]
Homelessness
Women make up nearly half of Kelowna's homeless. In other Canadian cities, the overwhelming majority of homeless are males.[80]
On May 12, 2003, the Kelowna Homelessness Networking Group conducted a limited census and enumerated 198 people: 54 individuals from the street and 144 individuals in shelters.[81]
On February 24, 2016, as part of the Government of Canada's Homelessness Partnering Strategy, the Central Okanagan Foundation conducted a coordinated Point-in-Time (PiT) Count of Kelowna's homeless population.[82] The survey found at least 233 people were homeless,[83] and another 273[84] were living in temporary housing.
Transportation
Kelowna faces severe suburbanization and urban sprawl promoted by the popularity of low-density car-oriented developments. As of 2007, Kelowna has the highest car dependency rate in Canada and has the second highest per-capita road transportation carbon footprint in British Columbia.[85] Despite having a metro population of about 230,000,[86] the greater Kelowna area is slightly bigger than that of Metro Vancouver. Road transportation accounts for more than 65% of total greenhouse gas emission in the city.[87]
In February 2009, an RCMP gang task unit was approved to help deal with gang violence.[95]
Most crimes in Kelowna are non-violent property crimes.[96] In 2012, Kelowna had the highest reported crime rate in Canada: 8,875 per 100,000.[97] Police focused on crime in 2014, and Kelowna moved into the number four position across the country.[98]
In 2015, RCMP Superintendent Nick Romanchuk stated, "I am absolutely convinced that as our drug enforcement numbers increase, our overall crime rate will decrease."[99] As of 2016, the crime rate had returned to second highest in Canada.[100] In 2017, the property crime rate in Kelowna went up 6%, once again the highest rate in Canada, while the drug crime rate fell 2%.[101]
In 2013, 446 victims of domestic violence were reported in Kelowna, earning the city the highest per-capita rate of domestic violence in British Columbia and the tenth-highest across Canada. This was a slight drop compared to 2011 when Kelowna reported the fourth-highest rate nationally and led the province in family violence.[102]
In 2014, in Kelowna, there were 251 marijuana charges per 100,000 population, the highest per capita rate in Canada.[103]
In 2012, Kelowna had the highest crime rate of any metropolitan area in Canada, mainly because of its property crime.[104] This increase has, however, been attributed[who?] mainly to the actions of a relative few known, prolific offenders. Illicit Drug use is high in the region. Between 2012 and 2016, Kelowna led the country in cannabis, cocaine, and heroin possession.[105] As of 2016, the crime rate has declined to second highest.[100] In 2017, Kelowna had the highest opioid overdose rate in Canada.[106]
^George Ewonus; Paul Ewonus; James Baker (2004). "Chapter 8: Ancient Peoples of the Okanagan". In John D. Greenough, Murray A. Roed (ed.). Okanagan Geology. Kelowna Geology Committee. pp. 67–78. ISBN0-9699795-2-5.
^"Canadian Climate Data". Environment and Climate Change Canada. October 31, 2011. Archived from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
^"Canadian Climate Data". Environment and Climate Change Canada. October 31, 2011. Archived from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
^"Canadian Climate Data". Environment and Climate Change Canada. October 31, 2011. Archived from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
^Nichols, Trevor (August 9, 2016). "The problem in Kelowna's 'red zone'". Kelownanow.com. Archived from the original on August 11, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2017. It's an area where many of the city's most prolific criminal offenders hang out, and police constantly deal with drug trafficking, assaults and robberies there.
^ abHayes, Kelly (June 8, 2007). "Red Zone Working: Cops". castanet. Archived from the original on September 13, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017. The red-zone extends from Lake Okanagan to the West, Lake Avenue, Rowcliffe to Ethel and Ethel to Stockwell, Doyle and back to the lake.
^McDonald, John (May 20, 2016). "Red zone cleans up the streets but hinders recovery, addict says". Infotel.ca. Archived from the original on July 9, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2016. Reimer says he's just an addict caught up in the spring sweep, an annual operation by police aimed at low-level street dealers and users where police make undercover buys and then arrest them.
^McDonald, John (May 20, 2016). "City councillor wants to know if red zone really keeps criminals out of downtown Kelowna". Infotel.ca. Archived from the original on March 15, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017. Hodge says his own research shows the red zone in Kelowna was put in place in 1992, the direct result of surging street crime in the downtown core and demands from downtown businesses to do something about it.
^Hayes, Kelly (June 9, 2009). "RCMP doing some spring cleaning". castanet. Archived from the original on December 27, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2017. Head of the RCMP's Downtown Enforcement Unit, Mark Slade, says it's just the beginning.
^University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus (October 23, 2012). Facts and FiguresArchived July 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on: February 7, 2013 UTC.
^Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on November 7, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
^Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on November 7, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
^Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (August 20, 2019). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on November 7, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
^Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (July 2, 2019). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on November 7, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
^"Kelowna Homelessness Networking Group Report on the Census of Homeless Individuals in Kelowna Spring 2003"(PDF). Kelowna Homelessness Networking Group. Archived(PDF) from the original on May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2017. Women make up nearly half (48.1%) of Kelowna's homeless, a somewhat surprising statistic. In most other cities, the overwhelming majority of homeless are males – in the most recent Calgary count, for example, only 16.5% of the over 1700 homeless individuals counted were females, meaning that, expressed as a percentage of the total population, Kelowna's female homeless population is almost three times as large as Calgary's.
^Sharp, Paul. "Kelowna Point-in-Time Count: Community Report"(PDF). Central Okanagan Foundation. Archived(PDF) from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2017. The Kelowna PiT Count was conducted on the evening of February 24th, 2016. The average temperature during the day was 9°C, with a low of -4°C.
^Sharp, Paul. "Kelowna Point-in-Time Count: Community Report"(PDF). Central Okanagan Foundation. Archived(PDF) from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2017. A total of 233 individuals were identified as being absolutely homeless, with 164 (70%) experiencing sheltered homelessness and 69 (30%) experiencing unsheltered homelessness.
^Sharp, Paul. "Kelowna Point-in-Time Count: Community Report"(PDF). Central Okanagan Foundation. Archived(PDF) from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2017. A total of 273 individuals were identified as temporarily housed in interim housing (n=231) or institutional care (n=42).
^Moore, Wayne. "Canada's drug capital". Castanet.net. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
^ ab"Kelowna ranks #2 in crime stats". Global News. July 21, 2016. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2017. It isn't the crime capital of Canada, but Kelowna is still near the top of the list.
^Wayne Moore (October 1, 2015). "Canada's drug capital". castanet. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017. Kelowna has been tops among the 34 cities in marijuana possession for the past three years. The city has also been the No. 1 city when it comes to cocaine possession cases in three of the past four years. Victoria topped the list in 2011. Cases of heroin possession have been steadily increasing in the Kelowna CMA since 2010. Kelowna has been No. 1 the past four years. Possession-related cases have risen from 5.5 in 2010 to 34.7 in 2014.
^"Frustration mounts over fentanyl response in Kelowna". CBC News. October 24, 2017. Archived from the original on October 29, 2017. Retrieved December 23, 2017. In September, a report from the Canadian Institute for Health Information showed Kelowna had the highest rate of hospitalizations for opioid poisoning in all of Canada.
^"Sister Cities". Kelowna.ca. May 19, 2016. Archived from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
^Extreme high and low temperatures were recorded near downtown Kelowna from March 1899 to September 1962, at Kelowna CDA from October 1962 to September 1968, at Kelowna International Airport from October 1968 to December 2013, and at University of British Columbia Okanagan from December 2013 to present.
^Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
^Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
^Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
^Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
^Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
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