Kauaʻi ʻamakihi

Kauaʻi ʻamakihi
Kauaʻi ʻamakihi
Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Fringillidae
Subfamily: Carduelinae
Genus: Chlorodrepanis
Species:
C. stejnegeri
Binomial name
Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri
(Wilson, SB, 1890)
Synonyms

Viridonia stejnegeri Wilson, 1980
Hemignathus kauaiensis

The Kauaʻi ʻamakihi (Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri) is a species of Hawaiian honeycreepers endemic[2] to Kauaʻi in the family Fringillidae. The species Hawaiian name is associated with is Kihikihi, or kihi, which stems from the word amakihi. Kihikihi, meaning curved, makes a reference to the bill of the Kauaʻi ʻamakihi.[3] The Kauaʻi ʻamakihi has similar physical features to an extinct species, the Kauaʻi nukupuʻu . When flying or feeding, the Kaua’i ‘amakihi lets out a distinguishing tweet.[3]

Distribution

This species is endemic to the island of Kauaʻi [3] The Kaua‘i ‘amakihi resides in the higher elevations of the Kaua‘i mountains usually above 600 meters in elevation. They previously occurred at lower elevations,[4] but due to the loss of habitat, are now mostly found at elevations higher than 600 meters in mountainous areas.[5] They are known to be around ‘ōhi‘a and koa trees.[3] They are especially common in ōhi'a trees where they often nest and in ōhi'a forests.[6] They can be spotted at Waimea Canyon, Nā Pali Plateau, Alaka‘i Swamp, and Makaleha Mountains.[4]

Anatomy

This species has a greenish-yellow with black lores and a large, sickle-shaped, down curved beak. Males usually have bigger beaks and more color compared to the females which have smaller beaks and a more dull color.[6] More dull feathers and a bigger beaks distinguishes the Kaua‘i ‘amakihi from the other ʻamakihi species. [4]

Conservation

The Kauaʻi ʻamakihi has been categorized as vulnerable by Bird Life International.[7] While their population numbers have been steady, like other honeycreepers, the Kauaʻi ʻamakihi is threatened by habitat loss, invasive species, and avian malaria, but has not been affected as strongly as other species in the subfamily.

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22720756A94682058. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720756A94682058.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. ^ Rivera, Shannon N.; Fortini, Lucas Berio; Plentovich, Sheldon; Price, Melissa R. (2021-09-01). "Perceived Barriers to the Use of Assisted Colonization for Climate Sensitive Species in the Hawaiian Islands". Environmental Management. 68 (3): 329–339. doi:10.1007/s00267-021-01491-w. ISSN 1432-1009. PMC 8384802. PMID 34160659.
  3. ^ a b c d Munro, George (2012). Birds of Hawaii. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 100–101.
  4. ^ a b c DLNR (2015). "Forest Birds: Kauai amakihi" (PDF). Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  5. ^ Camp, Richard (2011). Design of forest bird monitoring for strategic habitat conservation on Kaua′i Island, Hawai′i. Hawai`i: MarcosGorresen. pp. 33–35.
  6. ^ a b "Kaua'i 'Amakihi – Kauai Forest Bird Recovery Project". kauaiforestbirds.org. Retrieved 2022-02-24.
  7. ^ "Kauai Amakihi (Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri) - BirdLife species factsheet". datazone.birdlife.org. Retrieved 2022-02-24.


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