Joseph Ingraham

Joseph Ingraham
Joseph Ingraham
	Joseph Ingraham 1762-1800
Born	1762
Died	1800 (aged 37–38)
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Navy
Battles/wars	American Revolutionary War; Quasi-War

Joseph Ingraham (1762–1800) was an American sailor and maritime fur trader who discovered several islands of the Marquesas Islands while on his way to trade along the west coast of North America. He was also a prisoner in the American Revolutionary War and an officer in the United States Navy.

Early life

During the War of Independence, Ingraham was a sailor captured by the British. He spent part of the war on a prison ship.^[1] In 1787, he was second mate aboard the Columbia Rediviva under the command of John Kendrick when it sailed to the Pacific Northwest to engage in the fur trade.^[2]

Pacific voyages

On September 16, 1790, Ingraham set sail from Boston as captain of the brig Hope.^[3]^[4] The owners and investors of the ship and venture were Thomas Handasyd Perkins, Russell Sturgis, James and Thomas Lamb, and James Magee. These investors also owned the Margaret, which, under Captain James Magee, frequently sailed in company with the Hope.^[5]^[6] Ingraham's intention was to return to the northwest coast to partake in the fur trade.^[4] Ingraham and his ship sailed around Cape Horn on January 26, 1791.^[7] Their next stop was at Madre de Dios Island in Chile on April 14.^[7] While in this Spanish port they took on some provisions before sailing north again.^[7] A few days later, on April 19, 1792, Ingraham discovered a small uncharted island group.^[4] These islands were situated roughly nine degrees south of the Equator.^[8] Captain Ingraham named the group Washington Islands, and named many of the individual islands: Washington Island for the president, Adams Island for the vice president, Federal Island, Franklin Island, Knox Island and Lincoln Island for a general.^[7] The island are approximately at 9° 20' south of the Equator and 140° 54' west of Greenwich.^[7] These islands are part of the Marquesas Islands. From the Marquesas archipelago, Ingraham sailed north to the Sandwich Islands before sailing on to the Queen Charlotte Islands on the northwest coast of North America.^[4]

After arriving off the coast of North America, Ingraham set about trading for the fur pelts he was sent to bargain for from the natives.^[8] On September 26, 1792, Ingraham encountered his former captain, Captain Robert Gray, captain of the Columbia, in Neah Bay off Cape Flattery.^[9] Gray was there to sell his small craft, Adventure, to the Spanish. Adventure was under the command of Ingraham's former shipmate Robert Haswell. The next day Ingraham and Hope set sail with the Spanish vessel Princesa that was sailing north to Nootka Sound to deliver Spain's new administrator to that outpost.^[10] After spending the summer trading for fur pelts from the natives along the coast, Ingraham sailed to China via the Sandwich Islands, and then back to Boston.^[4] On the journey to the Chinese mainland the ship log shows the crew passing by the island of Formosa.^[8] This voyage was a commercial failure.^[11]

Later life

During the United States' undeclared Quasi-War with France in the late 1790s, Ingraham served as a naval officer.^[12] He was a lieutenant, last appearing on Navy Department records on June 14, 1799.^[12] Joseph Ingraham was lost at sea in fall 1800 while serving on the USS Pickering.^[2]

Legacy

Ingraham Bay and Ingraham Point, in Alaska, are named for Joseph Ingraham.^[13]^[14]

References

^ American Prisoners of the Revolution: Names of 8000 Men. American Merchant Marine at War. Retrieved on February 26, 2008.
^ ^a ^b Corning, Howard M. (1989) Dictionary of Oregon History. Binfords & Mort Publishing. p. 124.
^ Joseph Ingraham, Joseph Ingraham's Journal of the Brigantine Hope on a Voyage to the Northwest Coast of America, Mark D. Kaplanoff (ed.), Barre (Massachusetts), Imprint Society, 1971.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hittell, Theodore Henry (1885). History of California. Occidental publishing co: v. 3-4.
^ Malloy, Mary (1998). "Boston Men" on the Northwest Coast: The American Maritime Fur Trade 1788-1844. The Limestone Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-1-895901-18-4.
^ Howay, Frederic William (1929). "The Ship Margaret: Her History and Historian". Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society. 38: 34–40. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Account of the Discovery of Seven Islands in the South Pacifick Ocean, by Capt. Joseph Ingraham". excerpts from the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society For the Year 1793. Vol. II. Cape Cod History. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c Boggs, S. Whittemore (1938). "American Contributions to Geographical Knowledge of the Central Pacific". Geographical Review. 28 (2): 177–192. Bibcode:1938GeoRv..28..177B. doi:10.2307/210470. JSTOR 210470.
^ Howay, Frederic W. Voyages of the Columbia to the Northwest Coast. Boston: The Massachusetts Historical Society (1941), p. 355
^ Howay. p. 355
^ Lewis & Clark: Beyond the Allegheny Mountains. Library of Congress. Retrieved on February 26, 2008.
^ ^a ^b US Navy Officers (1798-1900). Archived 2007-02-05 at the Wayback Machine Naval Historical Center. Retrieved on February 26, 2008.
^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Ingraham Bay
^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Ingraham Point