John Day Dam

John Day Dam
John Day Dam
Location	Sherman County, Oregon / Klickitat County, Washington United States
Coordinates	45°42′59″N 120°41′40″W
Construction began	1958[1]
Opening date	1971
Construction cost	US$511 million
Dam and spillways
Type of dam	Concrete gravity, run-of-the-river
Impounds	Columbia River
Height	56 m (184 ft)
Length	2,327 m (7,635 ft)
Spillway type	Service, gate-controlled
Reservoir
Creates	Lake Umatilla
Total capacity	2,530,000 acre⋅ft (3.12×10^9 m^3)
Power Station
Operator(s)	U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Type	Run-of-the-river
Turbines	16 × 140 MW (20 maximum)
Installed capacity	2,240 MW (2700 maximum)
Annual generation	8,418 GWh (2009)[2]

The John Day Dam is a concrete gravity run-of-the-river dam spanning the Columbia River in the northwestern United States.[3] The dam features a navigation lock plus fish ladders on both sides. The John Day Lock has the highest lift (at 110 feet or 34 meters) of any U.S. lock.[4] The reservoir impounded by the dam is Lake Umatilla,[5] and it runs 76.4 miles (123.0 km) up the river channel to the foot of the McNary Dam. John Day Dam is part of the Columbia River Basin system of dams.

Location

John Day Dam is located 28 miles (45 km) east of the city of The Dalles, Oregon, and just below the mouth of the John Day River. The closest town on the Washington side is Goldendale, 20 miles (32 km) north. The closest town on the Oregon side is Rufus. The dam's crest elevation is approximately 570 feet (170 m) above sea level. It joins Sherman County, Oregon with Klickitat County, Washington, 216 miles (348 km) upriver from the mouth of the Columbia near Astoria, Oregon.

History

Construction of the dam began in 1958 and was completed in 1971,[1] making it the newest dam on the lower Columbia, at a total cost of US$511 million. The pool was filled in 1968 and a dedication ceremony was held on September 28, 1968.[6] John Day Dam was built and is operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The condemnation of land upstream of the dam led to the Supreme Court case United States v. Rands,[7] a well-known case regarding the constitutional doctrine of navigable servitude. The dam's power generation capacity is 2,480,000 kW (overload capacity). Skeleton units for eventual installation of four additional generators were fitted to the powerhouse during construction, allowing for a 20% increase in output should the decision be taken to complete them.[8] The dam underwent a major repair to the upper lock gate in 2010, as documented in an episode of the National Geographic Channel program World's Toughest Fixes.[9]

As of 2007, the 76-mile-long reservoir formed the deadliest stretch of the Columbia River for migrating young salmon. The reservoir is the longest lake on the Columbia that young salmon must swim on their way to the ocean.[10]

Specifications

• Altitude: 266 feet (81 m) above sea level
• Height: 183 feet (56 m)
• Length: 7,365 feet (2,327 m)
• Navigation lock:
  • Single-lift
  • 86 feet (26 m) wide
  • 675 feet (206 m) long
• Powerhouse
  • Sixteen 140,000 kW units (4 additional incomplete skeleton units installed in powerhouse during construction)
  • Total capacity: 2,240 MW (2700 MW if all twenty generators installed)
  • Overload capacity: 2,485 MW
• Spillway
  • Gates: 20
  • Length: 1,228 feet (374 m)

[1]

Images

• 
  Depth of John Day Dam pool is illustrated by this 1967 photo showing the new UPRR bridge, with old bridges at sites to be submerged below.
• 
  The dam and vicinity, taken from the International Space Station on July 4, 2022
• 
  Cropped view of the dam on July 4, 2022

See also

• Hydroelectric dams on the Columbia River
• List of power stations in the United States
• List of hydroelectric power stations
• List of dams in the Columbia River watershed
• List of largest hydroelectric power stations in the United States
• Blalock, Oregon

Sources

• "John Day Dam (Oregon - 164 ft. elev.)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2006-05-10.
• "John Day Dam (Washington - 269 ft. elev.)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2006-05-10.

References

1. "The Dallas, John Day & Willow Creek Dams". US Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved Nov 30, 2023.
2. "Carbon Monitoring for Action".
3. "The Columbia River System Inside Story" (PDF). BPA.gov. pp. 14–15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
4. "A Sightseer's Guide to Engineering - Details for John Day Lock and Dam". Archived from the original on 2008-04-15.
5. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Lake Umatilla
6. "John Day 50th Anniversary". Northwestern Division Website.
7. "FindLaw's United States Supreme Court case and opinions". Findlaw.
8. https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/api/collection/p16021coll11/id/426/download
9. "World's Toughest Fixes on NGC". Archived from the original on 2011-07-27.
10. King, Anna (October 2, 2007). "The Modern Day Columbia River – Part Two: Still Waters Run Deep and Deadly for Columbia River Salmon". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved July 17, 2024.

External links

• John Day Dam US Army Corps Engineers