Davis and his remaining members of his party crossed the Savannah River into Georgia on May 3, 1865,[10] headed for the Western and Trans-Mississippi theaters, where Davis hoped to regroup the Confederate military and continue the war.[11][10] Davis arrived in Washington in Wilkes County on the same day,[6] and dissolved the Confederate government there.[12] By May 6, Davis reached Sandersville, and on May 7 he met his wife, Varina, and their children. With Union troops in close pursuit, Davis and his family fled through Wilcox County.[6]
On the evening of May 9, Davis and his party reached Irwinville, in Irwin County, and camped in a pine forest (present-day Jefferson Davis Memorial Historic Site), unaware that Union soldiers were nearby.[6][10] At dawn the next day, they were surrounded by the 1st Wisconsin Cavalry and the 4th Michigan Cavalry.[6] The two Union regiments were unaware of each other's presence and engaged in a brief firefight (in which two cavalrymen died) before the forces realized that they had been shooting at one another.[10][11] Davis attempted to flee to a nearby creek before being arrested by a Michigan cavalryman.[6] Captured along with Davis and his wife were his private secretary Harrison, Postmaster General John Henninger Reagan, several other aides, and supply weapons and ambulances.[13]
Davis was charged with treason and held in Fort Monroe, Virginia for two years, before being released.
Jefferson Davis Capture Site
The site was owned by Judge James Bagley Clements (1869-1936), who deeded four acres to the State of Georgia in 1920, "for the purposes of creating a state park."[13] His father had bought the land after the war to ensure that "no Yankee would ever own it."[14] Clements wrote a history of Irwin County, which included a chapter on the Davis capture and site.[15]
The United Daughters of the Confederacyerected a monument on the exact spot where Davis was captured.[16] It consists of a granite stele set upon a stepped granite base, the stele features relief panels and inscriptions, and atop it is a bronze bust of Davis modeled by Atlanta sculptor Laurence Tompkins.[17] The relief on the front depicts a captured Davis flanked by two Union soldiers; the relief on the back depicts a battle scene; the reliefs on the sides depict the Confederate flag. The monument was dedicated on June 3, 1936.[17]
The Works Progress Administration built the memorial's Civil War Museum, completed in 1939. Additional parcels of land were added, bringing the size of the park to nearly 13 acres by 1952.[13]
The site ceased to be a Georgia state park in the mid-1970s, and was deeded to Irwin County in 1976.[13] It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.[2]
The monument is now surrounded by a square bed of gravel and enclosed by a low iron fence.
^Michael B. Ballard, A Long Shadow: Jefferson Davis and the Final Days of the Confederacy (University of Georgia Press, 1985) (published in 1997 by Brown Thrasher), p. 115-19.