Jaredite kings

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Jaredite kings are a series of monarchs[1] described in the Book of Mormon, comprising chapters 6-15 of the Book of Ether. According to that narrative, as death was approaching, Jared2 and his brother gathered together the Jaredite people to ask them what they desired of them before they died. The people requested that they anoint one of their sons as king.[2] This was grievous to them, and the brother of Jared2 remarked that "surely this thing leadeth into captivity."[3] Despite his brother's misgivings, Jared2 pressed him to allow the establishment of a Jaredite kingship, at which request the brother of Jared2 yielded.[4]

The people chose Pagag, the firstborn of the brother of Jared2. Pagog refused. The people then wished to force him to be king but the brother of Jared2 would not allow that. They suggested Jared2's sons, Jacom, Gilgah, and Mahah, but each refused to be king. Jared2's youngest son Orihah finally agreed to be king. Thus began the institution of monarchy among the Jaredites.[5]

In the following compendium, the terms righteous, wicked, unrighteous, et. al. derive from Welch and Welch designations.[1]

Early kings

  1. Orihah, first Jaredite king, fourth son of Jared2. Walked humbly, executed righteous judgment. Fathered 31 sons and daughters, including Kib.[6],[7]
  2. Kib, righteous son of Orihah, father of Corihor1, who took him into captivity, and of Shule, who freed him and restored him to his throne.[8],[9]
  3. Corihor1, rebel son of Kib (and brother to Shule), who later repented of his rebellion. Fathered Noah2 and Cohor1, both of whom then rebelled against him.[10]
  4. Shule, righteous early Jaredite king. Born in captivity after brother Corihor1 usurped kingdom from their father Kib. Upon maturity, came to hill Ephraim to molten swords, armed followers, restored kingdom to his father. Eventually became king, executed righteous judgment. Nephew Noah2 rebelled, Shule's sons, including Omer, put down rebellion. Cohor2 rebelled and was also slain.[11],[12]

Divided kingdom

Kingdom of Noah/Cohor2

  1. Cohor1, unrighteous king, son of Corihor1 and brother of Noah2. He joined Noah2, with "all his brethren and many of the people" to establish a rival kingdom to Shule's. No further references were made, but he seems to have been influential, as Noah2 later named son after him[13], and name was passed down[14] to end of Jaredite lineage.[15]
  2. Noah2, unrighteous son of Corihor1. Rebelled against his father, battled Shule, obtained part of the kingdom including the land of first inheritance and Moron, slain by sons of Shule. Father of Cohor2.[16]
  3. Cohor2, wicked early Jaredite king slain by Shule. Son of Noah2, father of Nimrod2.[17]
  4. Nimrod2, who turned over the kingdom to Shule and received great favors in return. Son of Cohor2, and grandson of Noah2.[18]

Kingdom of Shule

  1. Shule, son of Kib, righteous king [19]

Reunited kingdom

  1. Shule, son of Kib, righteous [20]
  2. Omer, righteous Jaredite king, son of Shule and father to Emer, Jared3, Esrom, and Coriantumr1. Overthrown by Jared3, spent half of days in captivity, until sons regained kingdom for him. Jared3 and his daughter plotted with Akish to overthrow Omer's kingdom. Warned by God, escaped with family. Later joined by great-grandsons Nimrah and brothers, who restored his kingdom.[21]
  3. Jared3, unrighteous king who seized kingdom from his father Omer. Brother of Esrom and Coriantumr1, who retook the kingdom and restored it to their father. Worked in secret combinations with his daughter and Akish to regain kingdom. Slain by Akish's band.[22]
  4. Akish, wicked Jaredite son of Kimnor, and erstwhile friend of Omer, who worked in secret combinations. Plotted with Jared3 and his daughter to overthrow Omer. Obtained kingdom by slaying Jared3. Jealous of his own son, imprisoned and starved him, which angered another son Nimrah, and initiated a years-long war between Akish and his sons.[23]
  5. Omer, restored to throne after civil war of Akish nearly destroyed entire kingdom.[24]
  6. Emer, enjoyed a peaceful, prosperous reign of 62 years, executed righteous judgment, and saw Jesus Christ. Son of Omer and father of Coriantum1.[25]
  7. Coriantum1, righteous city builder who married in old age. Son of Emer, father of Com1.[26]
  8. Com1, righteous son of Coriantum1 and father of Heth1; dethroned by his son.[27]
  9. Heth1, unrighteous king who rebelled, slew his father, and brought about famine, causing many followers to emigrate to Zarahemla. . Son of Com1, and father of Shez1.[28]
  10. Shez1, righteous king who outlived rebellious namesake son and rebuilt kingdom. Son or descendant of Heth1, father of Riplakish and Shez2.[29]
  11. Riplakish, unrighteous king who heavily taxed people, executed those who didn't labor, engaged in whoredoms, and was killed in uprising. Son of Shez1 and brother of Shez2. After a break in continuity of the kingdom, succeeded by descendant Morianton1.[30]

Restored kingdom

  1. Morianton1, just king in lineage of Ether, who re-established kingdom after many generations and eased burden of the people, though he himself was cut off from God. Descendant of Riplakish; father of Kim and at least one other son.[31]
  2. Kim, rebellious son of Morianton1, who was taken into captivity by his own brother. Father of Levi2.[32]
  3. Brother of Kim, unrighteous middle Jaredite who rebelled against Kim and subjected him and his descendants to captivity. Son of Morianton1.[33]
  4. Levi2, righteous king who fought way out of captivity and ruled justly. Father of Corom, and son of Kim.[34]
  5. Corom, king who did good for his people and fathered many children, including Kish. Son of Levi2.[35]
  6. Kish, king about whom little is known; father of Lib1 and son of Corom, two righteous kings.[36]
  7. Lib1, righteous king who rid land of serpents and became a great hunter. Son of Kish, and father of Hearthom.[37]
  8. Hearthom, righteous king who lost kingdom after 24 years and fell into captivity. Son of Lib1, and father of Heth2.[38]

Rule of usurper kings

  1. Usurper kings (unknown number) [39]
  2. Amgid, final usurper king, overthrown by Com2.[40]

Kings in captivity under the usurpers

  1. Heth2, Jaredite in line of kingly succession, who lived in captivity all his days. Son of Hearthom, and ancestor of Aaron2.[41]
  2. Aaron2, son or descendant of Jaredite king Heth2 , in line of kingly succession, who spent his life in captivity. Father of Amnigaddah.[42]
  3. Amnigaddah, captive Jaredite, in line of kingly succession. Father of Coriantum2, and son of Aaron2.[43]
  4. Coriantum2, captive middle Jaredite in line of kingly succession. Father of Com2, son of Amnigaddah.[44]

Restoration of lineage

  1. Com2, righteous king who drew away half to kingdom, then battled against Amgid for remainder of kingdom; fought in vain against robbers. Father of Shiblom1 (Shiblon) and at least one other son, son of Coriantum2.[45]
  2. Shiblom1 (also Shiblon),[46] righteous late Jaredite king and son of Com2, who warred against rebel brother and was slain. Father of Seth2.[47]
  3. Seth2, Jaredite in line of kingly succession, who lived in captivity after his father was slain. Son of Shiblom1, father of Ahah.[48]
  4. Ahah, an iniquitous king who led a short life. Son of Seth2, and father or ancestor of Ethem.[49]
  5. Ethem, wicked king whose people hardened their hearts. Son or descendant of Ahah, father of Moron.[50]
  6. Moron, king who reigned during a time of great wickedness and turmoil, and was himself wicked. Lost half his kingdom for many years because of a rebellion and, after regaining kingdom, was completely overthrown and lived out his life in captivity. Son of Ethem, father of Coriantor, grandfather or ancestor of the prophet Ether.[51]
  7. Coriantor, Jaredite in line of kingship, son of Moron, father or ancestor of Ether. Although his father had been king, Coriantor "dwelt in captivity all his days".[52]

Final change of lineage

  1. Usurper, a descendant of the brother of Jared and a "mighty man" of unknown connection to Moron, whom he overthrew, or to Coriantor, whom he kept in captivity.[53]
  2. Coriantumr2, last Jaredite king and last Jaredite survivor[54]. Fought Shared and warred against Gilead, Lib2, and Shiz. Lived 9 months with people of Zarahemla (c. 130 BC).[55]

Civil war under the reign of Coriantumr2

  1. Shared, military leader and brother of Gilead, who battled Coriantumr2 and sons for control of kingdom. For three days engaged in combat with Coriantumr2 at battle of Gilgal, severely wounding him but losing own life in the process.[56]
  2. Gilead, brother of Shared, who slew part of army of Coriantumr2 when they were drunk, and took over Coriantumr2's throne.[57]
  3. Gilead’s High Priest, who murdered Gilead as he sat upon his throne, and who was in turn murdered by Lib2 in a secret pass.[58]
  4. Lib2, wicked king and brother of Shiz, who fought Coriantumr2 for control of kingdom, worked in secret combinations, murdered Gilead, and was killed by Coriantumr2. Lib2 was largest man in kingdom.[59]
  5. Shiz, military leader and brother of Lib2. Swore to avenge brother's blood, slew women and children, burnt cities, brutalized civilization. Coriantumr2 fought back, exchanged bitter correspondence with Shiz, re-took battlefield, and beheaded him. Their battle lead to the end of Jaredite civilization.[60]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Welch, John W., and Welch, Greg (1999). "Jaredite Kings". Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies. 3: 31.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Tvedtnes, J. A. (2018). "Some peculiarities of Jaredite kingship". Book of Mormon Research.
  3. ^ Ether 6:23
  4. ^ Ether 6:24
  5. ^ Hinck, Ryan. "Jaredite king table". Science Is True and the Church Is Too. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  6. ^ Ether 6:27-7:3
  7. ^ Ether 1:32; Ether 6:14-30; Ether 7:1-3.
  8. ^ Ether 7:3-10
  9. ^ Ether 1:31-32; Ether 7:3-9.
  10. ^ Ether 7:3-15
  11. ^ Ether 7:3-15
  12. ^ Ether 1:30-31; Ether 7:7-27.
  13. ^ Ether 7:20
  14. ^ Ether 13:17
  15. ^ Ether 7:15
  16. ^ Ether 7:14-18
  17. ^ Ether 7:19-22
  18. ^ Ether 7:22
  19. ^ Ether 7:7-20
  20. ^ Ether 7:21-27
  21. ^ Ether 1:29-30; Ether 8:1-12; Ether 9:1-3, 9, 12-15
  22. ^ Ether 8:1-18; 9:1-5
  23. ^ Ether 8:10-18; 9:1-12
  24. ^ Ether 9:13-14
  25. ^ Ether 1:28-29; Ether 9:14-22.
  26. ^ Ether 1:27-28; Ether 9:21-25.
  27. ^ Ether 9:25-27
  28. ^ Ether 9:25-10:1
  29. ^ Ether 1:24-25; Ether 10:1-4.
  30. ^ Ether 1:23-24; Ether 10:4-9.
  31. ^ Ether 1:22-23; Ether 10:9-13.
  32. ^ Ether 1:21-22; Ether 10:13-14.
  33. ^ Ether 10:14
  34. ^ Ether 1:20-21; Ether 10:14-16.
  35. ^ Ether 1:19-20; Ether 10:16-17.
  36. ^ Ether 1:18-19; Ether 10:17-18.
  37. ^ Ether 1:17-18; Ether 10:18-30.
  38. ^ Ether 1:16-17; Ether 10:29-31.
  39. ^ Ether 10:30
  40. ^ Ether 10:32
  41. ^ Ether 1:16; Ether 10:31.
  42. ^ Ether 1:15-16, Ether 10:31.
  43. ^ Ether 1:14-15; Ether 10:31.
  44. ^ Ether 1:13-14; Ether 10:31.
  45. ^ Ether 1:12-13; Ether 10:31-34; Ether 11:1-4.
  46. ^ Shiblom is mentioned in Ether 1:11-12, where he is identified as Shiblon, but it is clear from the context that it is the same individual whose troubled reign is described in Ether 11:4-9. (An alternative theory is that Shiblon is the otherwise unnamed rebel brother of Shiblom, who is described in those same Ether 11 verses.)
  47. ^ Ether 1:11-12; Ether 11:4-9.
  48. ^ Ether 1:10-11; Ether 11:9.
  49. ^ Ether 1:9-10, Ether 11:10-11.
  50. ^ Ether 1:8-9; Ether 11:11-14.
  51. ^ Ether 1:7-8; Ether 11:14-18.
  52. ^ Ether 1:6-7; Ether 11:18-23
  53. ^ Ether 11:17-18
  54. ^ Del, D (2 May 2013). "The story of Coriantumr and the end of the Jaredite nation – Part I". Nephi Code. Retrieved 27 December 2024.
  55. ^ Omni 1:21-22; Ether 12:1-2; Ether 13:15-31; Ether 14-15.
  56. ^ Ether 13:23–31.
  57. ^ Ether 14:3-9
  58. ^ Ether 14:9-16
  59. ^ Ether 14:10-16.
  60. ^ Ether 14:17-31; Ether 15:5-31.