Góralski began his career with Zawisza Bydgoszcz, but left for Victoria Koronowo on a free transfer in early 2011. He joined Bulgarian champions Ludogorets Razgrad in the summer of 2017, signing a three-year contract.[3]
On 19 January 2020, Góralski moved to Kairat on a three-year contract.[4] On 16 June 2022, Kairat announced that Góralski was leaving the club.[5] It was announced on 17 June 2022 that Góralski had joined VfL Bochum.[6] On 10 August 2023, he left the club by mutual consent.[7]
In November 2016 Góralski received his first call-up to the senior Poland squad for matches against Romania and Slovenia. He started the match against Slovenia, which resulted in a 1–1 draw.[10]
On 4 June 2018, Góralski was included in Adam Nawałka's 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.[11] Góralski played in two games in the tournament, against Colombia, a 0–3 loss, and Japan, a 1–0 victory.