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Other Christian denominations and religions (1.2%)
Unanswered (20.6%)
No religion (6.9%)
Vice President of Polish Atheist Coalition Nina Sankari speaks on "In the Shadow of the Church in Poland" at the Secular Conference 2014.
Atheism and irreligiosity are uncommon theological beliefs in the country of Poland, with a majority of the country's population subscribing to Roman Catholicism. However, religious demographics have declined in recent decades, contributing to social tension within the country.[2][3][4][5][6] According to a 2020 CBOS survey, non-believers now make up 3% of Poland's population.[7]
History
Renaissance
Atheism in Poland dates back to the Renaissance. In the sixteenth century, individuals who were considered to be atheists include the royal courtier Jan Zambocki, the geographer Alexander Skultet, and a professor of the Academy of Krakow, Stanislaw Zawacki. In 1588, Krakow released a pamphlet Simonis simoni Lucensis ... Athei summa Religio, suggesting that the doctor Simon of Lucca staying at the royal court says the idea that God is a figment of the mind.[8] An important figure in the history of atheism on Polish territories was Kazimierz Łyszczyński, sentenced in 1688 (the judgment was made a year later) on the death penalty for his work on the work of De non existentia Dei ("The Non-Existence of God").[9]
Nineteenth century
In the nineteenth century, open proclamation of atheist views were rare, although a certain part of the intelligentsia openly admitted to atheism (including Wacław Nałkowski[citation needed] and Maria Sklodowska-Curie[10][11][12]).
In general, then Polish overt atheism was a widespread view, even among anti-clerical and secular intelligentsia, as evidenced by the fact that in the Second Republic the traditional association of atheists – Freemasonry of the Great East - has not been established despite the existence of acting freethinking organizations: Polish Association of Freethinkers, Polish Association of Free Thought or Warsaw Circle of Intellectuals. They were also issued a letter Rationalist.
After World War II to the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, atheist worldview has been propagated by the state, which manifested itself, among others, in limiting building permits, as well as the expansion of the temples, the persecution of the clergy (e.g. illegal[17] arrest of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski) and harassment of members of the Communist Party taking regular participation in religious practices. In 1957, the decision of the Central Committee at the propaganda and agitation department of the Central Committee was established committee. Atheistic propaganda.[18][clarification needed]
Banner of the Atheistic Coalition carried during the march of atheists in Warsaw (2023).Foundation Kazimierz Łyszczyński at the Equality Parade in Warsaw in 2023.
In response to the rapid progress of atheism in Poland,[35] a Parliamentary Group for prevention of atheism in Poland was established in 2012 by the Polish Sejm.[36] It consists of 39 deputies and 2 senators.[37] At the turn of 2012/2013, the Polish Association of Rationalists, together with the Foundation Freedom of Religion organized in several Polish cities including Rzeszow, Lublin, Czestochowa, Kraków and Swiebodzin an action under the slogan "Do not steal, do not kill, do not I believe" and "If you do not believe, you are not alone". According to the organizers they serve to consolidate the people of atheistic worldview.[38][39] On March 29, 2014, an Atheists' March was organized in Warsaw in the framework of Days of Atheism, during which there was a staging of the execution of Kazimierz Łyszczyński, sentenced in 1689 to death for treaty "the non-existence of the gods," in which the role was played by Jan Hartman, a professor of philosophy, bioethics and then an activist of Your Movement, a progressivist political party.[40]
The 2014 Procession of Atheists in Poland commemorated Kazimierz Łyszczyński, who is considered to be the first Polish atheist.[41][42]
Statistics
In 2004, 3.5% of the citizens of Poland identified as non-believers or indifferent religiously.[43] According to the Eurobarometer survey taken in 2005, 90% of Polish citizens said they believed in the existence of God, a further 4% not determined.[44] In 2007, 3% identified as a non-believer.
Polish citizens – this means that this group has doubled its size within two years[45] However, according to the survey from 2012 the number of people in Poland declare atheism, agnosticism or atheism was 3.2% and disbelief 4%. And, according to studies Eurobarometer in the same year 2% of the population of Poland were atheists, and 3% were agnostics and otherwise non-denominational.[46]
According to the results of Census of Population and Housing 2011, individuals who claim not to belong to any religion accounted for 31 March 2011 were 2.41% of the total Polish population. While taking into account that 7.1% covered by the census did not answer the question on religion, and to 1.63% not determined the matter, they accounted for 2.64% of those who responded to the question about religious affiliation.[47]
Atheist of the Year award by Kazimierz Łyszczyński Foundation.
According to data published in 2015 by GUS concerning the faith of Poles, most atheists are in Warsaw and Zielona Góra.[48]
Organizations
Currently, some atheists in Poland are grouped around:[49]
^Deboick, Sophia (28 October 2010). "Poland's faith divide". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
^Jolanta Hajdasz. "Wierny towarzysz w cierpieniu". Przewodnik Katolicki (Nr 32/2012). opoka.org.pl. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
^Praca Zbiorowa (2003). Leksykon historii Polski po II wojnie światowej 1944–1997. Warszawa. ISBN83-87988-08-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Bronisław Wildstein. "Jak czuć się dobrze" (in Polish). Rzeczpospolita. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
^Sebastian Duda (7 October 2007). "Bezbożna krucjata" (in Polish). Newsweek Polska, nr 40/07. p. 90. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^Witolda Zdaniewicza; Sławomira Zaręby (2004). Kościół katolicki na początku trzeciego tysiąclecia w opinii Polaków. Warsaw. p. 48. ISBN838594513X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
