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International Institute for Species Exploration
The International Institute for Species Exploration (IISE) was a research institute located in Syracuse, New York. Its mission was to improve taxonomical exploration and the cataloging of new species of flora and fauna. Between 2008 and 2018, IISE published a yearly "Top 10" of the most unusual or unique biota newly identified in the previous year, with the aim of drawing attention to the work done in taxonomy across the world over the previous year. In 2011, the institute contributed towards the estimate that Earth was home to approximately 8.7 million species. The institute disbanded in 2018 when its founder, Quentin D. Wheeler, resigned.[2] OverviewThe International Institute for Species Exploration (IISE) was a research facility dedicated to cataloging the Earth's species across all biological kingdoms.[3] IISE cited three reasons why an improved taxonomic understanding of life is important: without knowing what exists today, humans will be unable to tell when species go extinct; the diversity of life driven by billions of years of natural selection means nature likely holds the answers to many human problems; and to better appreciate our place in the world.[4] IISE was hosted by the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry and located in Syracuse, New York, United States. It was founded in 2007.[3] IISE was previously associated with Arizona State University.[5] The institute's executive director was Quentin D. Wheeler, an entomologist.[6] In 2011, the Institute contributed to a widely publicized estimate that Earth is home to approximately 8.7 million species.[7] Top 10 New Species listBetween 2008 and 2018, the IISE published an annual list of the "Top 10 New Species" in an effort to increase public awareness of the diversity of life on Earth.[6] The list was credited with bringing attention to the abundance of new discovers, just as the world's species are declining. Additionally, Wheeler said he hopes it spurs a sense of urgency to catalog Earth's creatures.[4] Each year an international panel picked the list from the 17,000–18,000 species described during the previous calendar year, emphasizing diversity with their picks.[8] To be eligible for inclusion, the species must have been formally described in an accredited scientific journal and named within the previous calendar year.[9] The list was published on or just before May 23, the birthday of Carl Linnaeus, the "father" of taxonomy. The list was unordered.[4] According to selection committee chair Antonio Valdecasas, it was very difficult to select the list due to the large number of species discovered each year. He added that he was "always surprised" by the diverse discoveries each year and that we are "very far" from a complete description of life on Earth.[4] The list regularly draws considerable press attention. The Delhi Daily News said the list "highlights the most amazing species found last year", while the New Zealand Herald called the creatures it features "bizarre discoveries".[10] TIME magazine called the list the "best of the best when it comes to new life".[11] 2008
2009
2010
2011
2012The Top 10 New Species for 2012 were announced on May 24, 2012 and included (in alphabetical order):[12]
2013The Top 10 New Species for 2013 were announced on May 22, 2013 and included (in alphabetical order):[13][14][15]
2014The 2014 list was announced on May 22, 2014. According to National Geographic, the list featured "a lineup of startling creatures notable for their scrappiness, weirdness, thrift, and sloth."[16][17]
2015The list was announced on 23 May, to coincide with the birthday of Carolus Linnaeus.[18][19]
2016
2017
2018
State of observed species reportThe IISE also releases an annual report that inventories the complete list of species cataloged two years prior and discusses the state of new species discovery. The 2011 report, for example, found that 19,232 species were named in 2009, a 5.6% increase over the prior year. The report takes about two years to compile due to the lack of standardized registration for new species, and issue which IISE has campaigned for. It routinely finds that insects make up roughly half of all new species discovered, followed by vascular plants and arachnids.[5] References
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