^Townsend, C. H. T. (1933). "New genera and species of Old World oestromuscoid flies". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 40: 439–479.
^Townsend, C.H.T. (1932). "Notes on Old-World oestromuscoid types.—Part II". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 10. 9 (49): 33–57. doi:10.1080/00222933208673463.
^Sun, X.-k.; Liang, E.-y.; Qiao, Y.; Chao, C.-m.; Zhou, S.-x. (1992). Diptera, Tachinidae. Pp. 1163–1207. In: Peng, J.-w. and Liu, Y.-q., eds., Iconography of forest insects in Hunan China (in Chinese). Changsha: Hunan Science and Technology Press. pp. 60 + 4 + 1473 pp.