Hsu first joined politics because of the Peng Wan-ru murder incident. During her political career, she is the member of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and served many positions within the political party; including spokesperson, Women's Affairs Department director and central committee member.
Between 2002 and 2014, she served as a councillor in the Taipei City Council. She gives up re-election in 2014 and succeeded the position to her assistant, Chien Shu-pei.
After her councilorship ends, she returned position in the Democratic Progressive Party serving as the deputy secretary-general from 2016 to 2019, during DPP's second ruling in Taiwan's government.
Between November 2018 to January 2019, she served as the acting secretary-general of the Democratic Progressive Party under the interim leadership of Lin Yu-chang after the resignation of both the DPP chairwoman Tsai Ing-wen and DPP secretary-general Hung Yao-fu due to the failure in the 2018 Taiwanese local elections.
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