Hermann Schmitz

This article is about the German industrialist. For the German entomologist, see Hermann Schmitz (entomologist).
Hermann Schmitz in 1931
Schmitz after his arrest by the U.S. Army

Hermann Schmitz (1 January 1881 – 8 October 1960) was a German industrialist and Nazi war criminal. CEO of IG Farben from 1935 to 1945, he was sentenced to four years in prison in the IG Farben Trial.

Biography

Schmitz was born in Essen on 1 January 1881, son of factory worker Diedrich Schmitz and Luise Wöhrmann. In 1898 he began studying at Ahrenbergische Aktiengesellschaft für Bergbau und Hüttenbetrieb in Hessen, and in 1905 he entered the Commerce College in Nuremberg. After completing his studies, he was hired by Metallurgische Gesellschaft (metallurgy company), where after some time he became consultant of Wilhelm Merton, member of the supervisors' council of the company, who helped Schmitz promote his career.

In 1914 he was required to serve in the army. He was injured during the First World War and, after recovering from his injuries, he was made Reich's supervisor for chemical products production in the matériel department (1915).

In 1919, as an expert in fertilizers and nitric salts, he took part in the assembly that negotiated the Treaty of Versailles. There he met Carl Bosch, a chemist of worldwide fame. In July 1919 Schmitz was hired at BASF by Bosch as his financial advisor. He was promoted to administrator of BASF's exterior department, a position he maintained after the company became part of IG Farben. As per his job requirements he maintained contacts with large businesses, such as Standard Oil, with which he took part in negotiations, always having the support of that era's governments in the interests of IG Farben.

War crimes

In 1933, he was elected to the Reichstag under the administration of the Nazi Party and after two years, he succeeded Carl Bosch as IG Farben's CEO. In 1938, he became a war economy leader (Wehrwirtschaftsführer). In 1941, Hitler gave him a portrait of him with his autograph as a gift for his dedication to the aims of Nazi Germany. Schmitz led IG Farben until the end of the Second World War. He was arrested and charged at the IG Farben Trial, during which he was sentenced to four years imprisonment (including time already served) for war crimes and crimes against humanity through the plundering and spoliation of occupied territories. He was released in 1950 and went on to become member of the administrators' council of Deutsche Bank in Berlin, as well as the honorary president of "Rheinische Stahlwerke AG".[1]

Schmitz died in Heidelberg on 8 October 1960.

Sources

  • Wollheim Memorial
  • Jewish Virtual Library
  • Online Academy: Profit over life
  • Borkin, Joseph (1 June 1978). The Crime and Punishment of I.G. Farben. Free Press. pp. 250. ISBN 978-0-02-904630-2.
  • Higham, Charles (1983) Trading with the Enemy; An exposé of the Nazi – American Money Plot 1933–1949. Robert Hale, London. Chapter 8 'The Film Conspiracy' ISBN 0 7090 10230

References

  1. ^ "Hermann Schmitz (1881–1960)". Biographies of Key Executives of I.G. Farben. Wollheim Memorial.