ꦲ (ha), is a syllable in the Javanese script which represent the sound /hɔ/ or /ha/. The letter can also represent a null consonant, in which it would be pronounced as /ɔ/ or /a/. It is commonly transliterated to Latin as "ha" or "a" and sometimes as "ho" and "o".
Pasangan
The letter's pasangan (◌꧀ꦲ) is one of six which are located on the right hand side of previous syllable, making it possible to stack two pasangans without the use of pangkon.
ꦲ has a syllable-final form called wignyan (ꦃ) which replaces ha-pangkon combination. For example: "gajah" (elephant) is written as ꦒꦗꦃ, not ꦒꦗꦲ꧀
Glyphs
Nglegena forms
Pasangan forms
ꦲ ha
ꦲꦃ hah
ꦲꦁ hang
ꦲꦂ har
◌꧀ꦲ -ha
◌꧀ꦲꦃ -hah
◌꧀ꦲꦁ -hang
◌꧀ꦲꦂ -har
ꦲꦺ he
ꦲꦺꦃ heh
ꦲꦺꦁ heng
ꦲꦺꦂ her
◌꧀ꦲꦺ -he
◌꧀ꦲꦺꦃ -heh
◌꧀ꦲꦺꦁ -heng
◌꧀ꦲꦺꦂ -her
ꦲꦼ hê
ꦲꦼꦃ hêh
ꦲꦼꦁ hêng
ꦲꦼꦂ hêr
◌꧀ꦲꦼ -hê
◌꧀ꦲꦼꦃ -hêh
◌꧀ꦲꦼꦁ -hêng
◌꧀ꦲꦼꦂ -hêr
ꦲꦶ hi
ꦲꦶꦃ hih
ꦲꦶꦁ hing
ꦲꦶꦂ hir
◌꧀ꦲꦶ -hi
◌꧀ꦲꦶꦃ -hih
◌꧀ꦲꦶꦁ -hing
◌꧀ꦲꦶꦂ -hir
ꦲꦺꦴ ho
ꦲꦺꦴꦃ hoh
ꦲꦺꦴꦁ hong
ꦲꦺꦴꦂ hor
◌꧀ꦲꦺꦴ -ho
◌꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦃ -hoh
◌꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦁ -hong
◌꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦂ -hor
ꦲꦸ hu
ꦲꦸꦃ huh
ꦲꦸꦁ hung
ꦲꦸꦂ hur
◌꧀ꦲꦸ -hu
◌꧀ꦲꦸꦃ -huh
◌꧀ꦲꦸꦁ -hung
◌꧀ꦲꦸꦂ -hur
ꦲꦿ hra
ꦲꦿꦃ hrah
ꦲꦿꦁ hrang
ꦲꦿꦂ hrar
◌꧀ꦲꦿ -hra
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦃ -hrah
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦁ -hrang
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦂ -hrar
ꦲꦿꦺ hre
ꦲꦿꦺꦃ hreh
ꦲꦿꦺꦁ hreng
ꦲꦿꦺꦂ hrer
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺ -hre
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦃ -hreh
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦁ -hreng
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦂ -hrer
ꦲꦽ hrê
ꦲꦽꦃ hrêh
ꦲꦽꦁ hrêng
ꦲꦽꦂ hrêr
◌꧀ꦲꦽ -hrê
◌꧀ꦲꦽꦃ -hrêh
◌꧀ꦲꦽꦁ -hrêng
◌꧀ꦲꦽꦂ -hrêr
ꦲꦿꦶ hri
ꦲꦿꦶꦃ hrih
ꦲꦿꦶꦁ hring
ꦲꦿꦶꦂ hrir
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦶ -hri
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦶꦃ -hrih
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦶꦁ -hring
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦶꦂ -hrir
ꦲꦿꦺꦴ hro
ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦃ hroh
ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦁ hrong
ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦂ hror
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦴ -hro
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦃ -hroh
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦁ -hrong
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦂ -hror
ꦲꦿꦸ hru
ꦲꦿꦸꦃ hruh
ꦲꦿꦸꦁ hrung
ꦲꦿꦸꦂ hrur
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦸ -hru
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦸꦃ -hruh
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦸꦁ -hrung
◌꧀ꦲꦿꦸꦂ -hrur
ꦲꦾ hya
ꦲꦾꦃ hyah
ꦲꦾꦁ hyang
ꦲꦾꦂ hyar
◌꧀ꦲꦾ -hya
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦃ -hyah
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦁ -hyang
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦂ -hyar
ꦲꦾꦺ hye
ꦲꦾꦺꦃ hyeh
ꦲꦾꦺꦁ hyeng
ꦲꦾꦺꦂ hyer
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺ -hye
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦃ -hyeh
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦁ -hyeng
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦂ -hyer
ꦲꦾꦼ hyê
ꦲꦾꦼꦃ hyêh
ꦲꦾꦼꦁ hyêng
ꦲꦾꦼꦂ hyêr
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦼ -hyê
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦼꦃ -hyêh
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦼꦁ -hyêng
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦼꦂ -hyêr
ꦲꦾꦶ hyi
ꦲꦾꦶꦃ hyih
ꦲꦾꦶꦁ hying
ꦲꦾꦶꦂ hyir
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦶ -hyi
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦶꦃ -hyih
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦶꦁ -hying
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦶꦂ -hyir
ꦲꦾꦺꦴ hyo
ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦃ hyoh
ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦁ hyong
ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦂ hyor
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦴ -hyo
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦃ -hyoh
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦁ -hyong
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦂ -hyor
ꦲꦾꦸ hyu
ꦲꦾꦸꦃ hyuh
ꦲꦾꦸꦁ hyung
ꦲꦾꦸꦂ hyur
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦸ -hyu
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦸꦃ -hyuh
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦸꦁ -hyung
◌꧀ꦲꦾꦸꦂ -hyur
Orthography
There are several rules regarding the writing of ꦲ, whether pronounced as "ha" or "a".
ꦲ in front of a word is always transliterated as "a", except for foreign loan words. The same rule applies when sandhangan swara (vowel diacritics) is used.
Read as "a": ꦲꦏꦸ - aku (me), ꦲꦺꦴꦫ - ora (not), ꦲꦶꦭꦁ - ilang (lost)
Read as "ha": ꦲꦗꦶ - haji (hajj), ꦲꦺꦴꦠꦺꦭ꧀ - hotèl, ꦲꦶꦏ꧀ꦩꦠ꧀ - hikmat (wisdom)
(Whether a word is considered a native Javanese or not will depend on the dictionary definition.)
ꦲ in the middle of a word is almost always transliterated as "ha".
ꦠꦲꦸ - tahu (tofu), not tau
ꦫꦲꦪꦸ - ra-hayu (blessed), not rah-ayu (from root word ꦲꦪꦸayu (beauty))
With the exception
Certain words such as ꦩꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀ - maos (reading) or ꦏꦺꦴꦱ꧀ - kaos (shirt)
Words that end with "a" and has suffix -a, such as ꦲꦤꦲ - ana-a (let there be)
Reduplicated word, where ꦲ in the beginning of the second word always transliterated as "a"
In root word that ends with /h/ sound (in this sense, using wignyan) and has suffix (-i, -an, etc.), ꦲ (as in "ha") is added before the suffix.
ꦥꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦃꦲꦤ꧀ - panembah-han (to address a royalty), from the root word ꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ - nembah (to bow, to respect)
Root words that end with a vowel sound and have suffix -ake, its suffix is written as ꦏ꧀ꦲꦏꦺ
ꦏꦠꦩ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦲꦏꦺ - katamtokaké (have been chosen), not katamtokhaké, from the root word ꦠꦩ꧀ꦠꦸ - tamtu - (certain)
ꦲ are added in front of root words with prefix ng-, ny-, m-, and n-, although this is not mandatory.
ꦲꦔꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦏ - ngandika (said), not hangandika nor angandika
Root words that start with ꦲ with added prefix pi- or pri-, the syllable ꦲ become ꦪ (ya)
