HMS Marlborough (1767)

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Marlborough.

Marlborough
History
Royal Navy EnsignGreat Britain
NameHMS Marlborough
Ordered4 December 1760
BuilderDeptford dockyard
Laid down3 June 1763
Launched26 August 1767
CommissionedJanuary 1771
FateWrecked 3 November 1800
Notes
General characteristics
Class and typeRamillies-class ship of the line
Tons burthen1642 bm
Length168 ft 8.5 in (51.422 m) (gun deck)
Beam46 ft 11 in (14.30 m)
Depth of hold19 ft 9 in (6.02 m)
PropulsionSails
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Complement600
Armament
  • 74 guns:
  • Gundeck: 28 × 32 pdrs
  • Upper gundeck: 28 × 18 pdrs
  • Quarterdeck: 14 × 9 pdrs
  • Forecastle: 4 × 9 pdrs

HMS Marlborough was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 26 August 1767 at Deptford and built by the master shipwright Adam Hayes, at a cost of £33,319.[1]

She was one of the Ramillies class built to update the Navy and replace ships lost following the Seven Years' War. She was first commissioned in 1771 under Captain Richard Bickerton as a guard ship for the Medway and saw active service in the American Revolutionary War and on the Glorious First of June (1794).

On 12 April 1782, under the command of Captain Taylor Penny, Marlborough headed the attack on the French fleet during the Battle of the Saintes.[2] During this action three men were killed and 16 wounded.[3] It then sailed to North America attached to Admiral Hugh Pigot's fleet.

At the battle of the First of June Marlborough, under Captain George Cranfield Berkeley, suffered heavy damage after becoming entangled with Impétueux, and then with Mucius. The three entangled ships continued exchanging fire for some time, all suffering heavy casualties with Marlborough losing all three of her masts.

This map shows Marlborough's position between Guadaloupe and Dominica, during the Battle of the Saintes, 12 Apr 1782

In May 1797 a mutiny ejected the commander, Captain Henry Nicholls. He was replaced by Captain John Eaton then Joseph Ellison in August 1797. In May 1798 a second mutiny occurred in Berehaven.[1]

On the evening of 3 November 1800 Marlborough was at sea in a storm off Brittany's Belle Île when strong winds drove her onto a partially submerged ledge of rocks. A substantial breach was opened in her hull and she began to batter against the rocks with each incoming wave. Her commander, Captain Thomas Sotheby, ordered the ship's guns and stores to be thrown overboard to lighten her, but she remained stuck fast.[4]

The storm abated by the following morning, but the ship had settled on the rocks and was awash to her orlop deck as waves flowed in through the hull. A distress signal was raised and answered by HMS Captain which drew close to Marlborough and succeeded in taking off all 600 of her crew. No attempt was made to salvage the ship itself.[4]

Notes

  1. ^ a b British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714-1792 R Winfield
  2. ^ Famous Fighters of the Fleet, Edward Fraser, 1904, p.105
  3. ^ "Taylor Penny".
  4. ^ a b Grocott 1997, pp. 101-02

References

  • Grocott, Terence (1997). Shipwrecks of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Eras. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1861760302.
  • Lyon, David (1993) The Sailing Navy List Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-617-5.