Grey-chinned minivet

Grey-chinned minivet
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Campephagidae
Genus: Pericrocotus
Species:
P. solaris
Binomial name
Pericrocotus solaris
Blyth, 1846

The grey-chinned minivet (Pericrocotus solaris) is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is found from the Himalayas to China, Taiwan and Southeast Asia. Its natural habitat is forests about 1,000–2,000 m (3,300–6,600 ft) in elevation. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as a least-concern species.

Taxonomy

This species was described from Darjeeling by Edward Blyth in 1846.[2] The IOC World Bird List recognises eight subspecies: Pericrocotus solaris solaris found in the Himalayas and northern and western Myanmar; P. s. rubrolimbatus in eastern Myanmar and northern Thailand; P. s. montpellieri in southern China; P. s. griseogularis in southeastern China, Taiwan, northeastern Laos and northern Vietnam; P. s. deignani in southern Laos and central Vietnam; P. s. nassovicus in eastern Thailand and southern Cambodia; P. s. montanus in western Malaysia and Sumatra; and P. s. cinereigula in Borneo.[3] The Handbook of the Birds of the World considers that montanus and cinereigula form a separate species.[4]

Description

The grey-chinned minivet is 17–19 cm (6.7–7.5 in) long and weighs 11–17 g (0.39–0.60 oz).[5] It is sexually dimorphic.[6] The adult male has a dark grey head and mantle, a pale grey chin, an orange-yellow throat and blackish wings.[6] The underparts, lower back and tips of the greater coverts are orange.[7] In the female, these parts are bright yellow instead. The eyes, beak and legs are black.[5] The immature bird is similar to the female but has yellow-olive bars on its back.[8]

Distribution and habitat

This species ranges from the eastern foothills of the Himalayas through northeastern India, southern China, mainland Southeast Asia to Sumatra and Borneo. Its habitat is montane forest about 1,000–2,000 m (3,300–6,600 ft) in elevation.[8] In Taiwan, it has been recorded down to 150 m (490 ft).[5] It lives in the canopy of broadleaf forest and also coniferous forest, elfin forest, secondary forest, forest edges and gardens with trees.[5][8] It is thought that all 12 of the minivet species adaptively radiated in mainland Asia and later dispersed to the Indonesian archipelago.[6]

Behaviour

Female in Thailand

When not breeding, this minivet forms small parties with fewer than 15 individuals[8] and also large flocks of dozens of birds;[5] it sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks.[8] It forages for invertebrates in the canopy, sometimes descending to tree ferns or sallying in the air.[9] It gives a twittering call while feeding, and contact calls include a high-pitched sri-sisi and a chirit-chirit.[8]

Breeding has been recorded from February to April and has been inferred to occur in January. The male has been observed walking towards the female while holding a flower in its beak; the male swung its head, touched the female's beak and dropped the flower, and then they mated.[8]

The nest, constructed by both sexes, is built on a branch or fork of a tree. It is a steep cup made of bryophytes and covered with felt externally. Lichens are added to camouflage the nest, and the female shapes the nest by pushing against the rim with its breast. The eggs have not been described. The male and female raise the brood together, and subadults have been seen helping them. Moulting occurs from June to October.[8]

Status

This species has a large range and stable population, so the IUCN has assessed it as a least-concern species.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Pericrocotus solaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103694119A94087696. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103694119A94087696.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ Blyth, Edward (1846). "Notices and Descriptions of various New or Little Known Species of Birds". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 15: 310.
  3. ^ Gill, F.; Donsker, D. (eds.). "Bristlehead, butcherbirds, woodswallows, ioras, cuckooshrikes". IOC World Bird List Version 8.1. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  4. ^ del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N.; Kirwan, G. M. "Grey-throated Minivet (Pericrocotus montanus)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D. A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions.
  5. ^ a b c d e Brazil, Mark (2009). Birds of East Asia: China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, and Russia. Princeton University Press. p. 294. ISBN 9780691139265.
  6. ^ a b c Jønsson, Knud A.; Irestedt, Martin; Ericson, Per G. P.; Fjeldsa, Jon (2009), "A molecular phylogeny of minivets (Passeriformes:Campephagidae:Pericrocotus): implications for biogeography and convergent plumage evolution", Zoologica Scripta, 39: 1–8, doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2009.00401.x
  7. ^ Grewal, Bikram (2017). A Photographic Field Guide to the Birds of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. Princeton University Press. p. 341. ISBN 9780691176499.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Wells, David R. (2010). The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula. Vol. 2. Bloomsbury. pp. 101–102. ISBN 9781408133132.
  9. ^ Jeyarajasingam, Allen (2012). A Field Guide to the Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Oxford University Press. p. 272. ISBN 9780199639434.