Gothenburg tram network

*Gothenburg tram network*
Gothenburg tram network
	A tram running at Brunnsparken in central Gothenburg.
Overview
Owner	Gothenburg Municipality
Locale	Gothenburg; Mölndal, Sweden
Transit type	Tram
Number of lines	12
Number of stations	132[citation needed]
Annual ridership	145,000,000
Operation
Began operation	24 September 1879
Operator(s)	Göteborgs Spårvägar
Infrastructure manager(s)	Västtrafik
Number of vehicles	263
Technical
System length	80 km (49.7 mi) of double track
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in); (standard gauge)
Average speed	22.7 km/h (14.1 mph)
Top speed	60 km/h (37 mph) allowed ; (max 80 km/h (50 mph))
System map
System map

The Gothenburg tramway network (Swedish: Göteborgs spårvägar) is part of the public transport system organised by Göteborgs Spårvägar, controlled by Västtrafik in the Swedish city of Gothenburg.^[3] The system's approximately 160 kilometres (100 mi) of single track — making it the largest tram network in Northern Europe^[4] — is used by around 200 trams as of 2006^[update], which serve twelve day-time and five night-time lines with a combined line length of 190 km. These figures are expected to increase when the second stage of Kringen (short for Kollektivringen, the public transport ring) is finished. The trams perform about 2,000 trips and cover 30,000 km per day. In 2018, 131 million journeys were made (with changes counting as a new journey).^[1]

History

The first tram line in Gothenburg was started in 1879 by the English company Gothenburg Tramway Ltd. This was a horse-drawn tramway, which stretched from Brunnsparken to Stigbergsliden. The city of Gothenburg bought the tramway in 1900, and introduced electrically powered trams only two years later when Sigfrid Edström led the electrification of the trams. During the next 40 years, the tram system was heavily expanded, reaching outside the city borders by 1907, and Hisingen in 1940.

In the 1960s, plans for converting the tram system to an underground rapid transit system were created, and the new tram sections to the Tynnered, Angered, Bergsjön and Länsmansgården suburbs were built free from level crossings and partly in tunnels to make a future conversion to underground standards easier. However, after further investigation, it was concluded that it would be too expensive to dig the necessary tunnels under the city centre, as the foundation of the city is partially made up of clay.

When Sweden's switch to right-hand traffic in 1967 made existing unidirectional trams obsolete, Gothenburg was one of only two cities in Sweden to maintain its city-centre tramway, the other such network to survive being the Norrköping tramway.

The expansion of the net through the Kringen is gradually creating a tramway ring around the city centre. In 1999 the first step was started, which most notably included the 1,050 m long Chalmers tunnel which was opened for traffic in 2002, connecting the Chalmers station with the Korsvägen hub. The second and third steps are currently in the planning stage.

Since 2010, the previously used magnetic stripe cards have been replaced with RFID cards. Ticket machines taking coins and credit cards have also been installed on the trams, along with a text message system where tickets may be purchased with mobile phones.^[5] From about 2019, a phone app has become the leading mode of ticket purchase.

Lines

A tram in Gothenburg

Stretch	Length	Stops	Travel time^{[Note 1]}	Average speed^{[Note 1]}	Passengers/day^{[Note 2]}
Tynnered–Östra Sjukhuset	15.6 km	33	47/49 min	19.1 km/h	32 500
Högsbotorp–Mölndal (via Ullevi)	12.9 km	27	40 min^{[Note 3]}
Marklandsgatan–Kålltorp (via Brunnsparken)	12.7 km	30	44/45 min	16.9 km/h	32 400
Mölndal–Angered (via Brunnsparken)	19.3 km	21	41/40 min	28.2 km/h	27 400
Östra Sjukhuset–Länsmansgården (via Korsvägen)	13.8 km	29	39/38 min	21.2 km/h	25 500
Länsmansgården–Kortedala (via Järntorget-Sahlgrenska-Korsvägen)	24.6 km	46	71/71 min	20.7 km/h	43 400
Tynnered–Bergsjön	21.1 km	35	54/55 min	23.0 km/h	35 900
Frölunda–Angered (via Korsvägen)	21.3 km	25	46/47 min	27.2 km/h	19 600
Kungssten–Angered (via Brunnsparken)	19.0 km	21	43/43 min	26.5 km/h	25 600
Guldheden–Eketrägatan/Biskopsgården	8.8 km^{[Note 4]}	17/23	24/31 / 25/32 min	21.7 km/h^{[Note 5]}	15 600
Saltholmen–Bergsjön	21.8 km	38	58/58 min	22.6 km/h	38 000
Planned tram line - rumoured to go from Kortedala to Saltholmen via Brunnsgatan and Marklandsgatan.^{[citation needed]}
–Saltholmen (going to Saltholmen via Järntorget and Kungssten, but via Marklandsgatan and Korsvägen going to Central Station)	7.9 km	13	23 min^{[Note 3]}
Brämaregården- Nymånegatan. 12 stops
"Liseberg Line" operated by heritage trams. Has the route Central Station – Liseberg – (Sankt Sigfrids plan) (3.5 km; 8 stops).
Instead of route number on cars used for driver training (when not with passengers) and at special events. One example is the European Athletics Championships in August 2006 when the line sign was "Teams Tram" for the European Championship participant.

Most tram lines pass through Brunnsparken, which is effectively the central hub of public transport in Gothenburg. The exceptions are lines 8 and 14. The Central Station is also a major stop, especially because it is the nearest stop not only for train passengers but also passengers coming from the neighbouring Nils Ericson Terminal, where coaches, airport buses to Landvetter Airport and City Airport (not being used for public passenger travel, but remains open for flying schools) and regional buses stop. Korsvägen is another major stop, where lines 6 and 8 meet lines going into the city centre and out to Mölndal. Most tram lines are on the south side of the river, but lines 5, 6, 10 and 14 cross the Hising bridge to the north side.

The M31 trams have been re-built with a low-floor section.

Rolling stock

The types of tramcars currently running in Gothenburg are:

M28, ASJL 1965–1967, 701–711, 713–763, 766, 767 (M28 was permanently decommissioned for safety reasons on October 28, 2021^[6])
M29, Hägglund 1969–1972, 801–838, 840–857, 859, 860
M31 [sv] (previously M21 ASEA 1984–1992, rebuilt with low-floor middle articulation), ASEA/MGB 1998–2003, 300–305, 307-380
M32 Sirio, AnsaldoBreda 2005–2013, (as of January 2016) 401–465
M33 Flexity Classic, Alstom 2019–,
M34 (a longer version of M33) Flexity Classic, Alstom 2023–,

In 2013 work with deciding new tram stocks began. By April 2016, it was announced that a minimum 40 trams of the new model M33 had been ordered from Bombardier Transportation Sweden AB/Vossloh Kiepe GmbH for delivery by year 2019.^[7] In 2022 Västtrafik ordered 40 more trams of the same model, an order that was later expanded to 60. Those will be designated M34, an extended, 45 meter long version of the M33. They will be delivered from late 2023 onwards. When all M33 and M34 trams are delivered in 2026, the old M29 trams still in service will be decommissioned.^[8]^[9]

There is a fleet of heritage trams used in the network. One of the oldest trams, M1 15, which was built in 1902, is preserved in operational condition.

Notes

^ ^a ^b Measured during rush hours, first number along stretch as written, second number in opposite direction.
^ Measured weekdays in November 2005.
^ ^a ^b Timetable value, not actually measured
^ From Guldheden to Eketrägatan.
^ From Guldheden to Biskopsgården.

References

^ ^a ^b "Resandet med Västtrafik fortsätter öka" [Travel with Västtrafik continues to increase]. Västtrafik (in Swedish). 6 February 2019. Archived from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
^ "Spårväg Göteborg". Svenska Spårvägssällskapet (in Swedish).
^ O'Yeah, Zac (8 March 2019). "Gothenburg: A City Built on Rock 'n' Roll". natgeotraveller.in. National Geographic Traveller India. Archived from the original on 13 March 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
^ Rudolphi, Martin. "A study of the possibility and the potential effects of a tramway tunnel construction in Gothenburg City" (pdf) (Masters Thesis). Chalmers University of Technology. p. 8. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
^ "Färdbevis och priser". Västtrafik (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 23 March 2012.
^ Vasell, Magnus; Persson, Isabella; Botsjö, Markus (28 October 2021). "48 spårvagnar tas ur bruk – är trafikfarliga". Göteborgs-Posten. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
^ "Avtalet klart för nya spårvagnsleveranser till Göteborg". Göteborgs Spårvägar (in Swedish). 11 October 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
^ "Alstom will deliver 40 new trams to Gothenburg in Sweden". Alstom. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
^ "Pressmeddelande". www.vasttrafik.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 23 March 2023.^{[dead link]}