Goguryeo tombs

This article is about the World Heritage Site in North Korea. For the site in China, see Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom.
Goguryeo tombs
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Tomb of King Tongmyong
Official nameComplex of Koguryo Tombs
LocationSouth Pyongan Province, South Hwanghae Province, North Korea
Includes
CriteriaCultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Reference1091
Inscription2004 (28th Session)
Area232.9 ha (0.899 sq mi)
Buffer zone1,701.2 ha (6.568 sq mi)
Coordinates38°51′47″N 125°24′54″E / 38.86306°N 125.41500°E / 38.86306; 125.41500
Goguryeo tombs is located in North Korea
Goguryeo tombs
Location of Goguryeo tombs in North Korea
Goguryeo tombs
Hangul
고구려 고분군
Hanja
高句麗古墳群
Revised RomanizationGoguryeo gobungun
McCune–ReischauerKoguryŏ kobun'gun

Goguryeo tombs, officially designated as the Complex of Koguryo Tombs (Korean: 고구려 고분군), are tombs in North Korea. In July 2004, they became the first UNESCO World Heritage site in the country. The site consists of 30 individual tombs from the later Goguryeo kingdom, one of Three Kingdoms of Korea, located in the cities of P'yŏngyang and Namp'o.[1] Goguryeo was one of the strongest ancient Korean kingdoms located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Manchuria.[2][3][4][5][6] The kingdom was founded in the present day area of North Korea, and part of Manchuria around 37 BCE, and the capital was transferred to P'yŏngyang in 427 CE.

Many of the tombs, such as the Anak Tomb No. 3, have wall paintings. The tombs are almost all of the Goguryeo culture that survives. There are over 10,000 Goguryeo tombs overall, but only about 90 of those unearthed in China and Korea have wall paintings. The Complex of Goguryeo Tombs inscribed on the World Heritage List contains the majority of these tombs with wall paintings. It is thought that the complex was used as a burial site for kings, queens and other members of the royal family. The paintings found on the tombs offer a unique insight into the everyday life of the Goguryeo period. The group includes the Tomb of King Tongmyong.

The murals are strongly coloured and show daily life and mythology of the time. By 2005, 70 murals had been found, mostly in the Taedong river basin near Pyongyang, the Anak area in South Hwanghae province, and in Ji'an in China's Jilin province.

The following criteria were considered by UNESCO to merit the Goguryeo tombs' inscription as a World Heritage site:

  • The wall paintings are masterpieces of the Goguryeo period. The tombs themselves reflect ingenious engineering capabilities.
  • The site offers exceptional insights into the Goguryeo culture, both into everyday life and burial customs.
  • The Goguryeo tombs are an important example of this burial typology.

In May 2006, 2,360 individual tombs were discovered at the site of the ancient Goguryeo kingdom during work on the Yunfeng Reservoir. Ruins of an ancient city were discovered as well. Among the ruins was a city wall that was 1.5 meters tall and four meters wide. Evidence also suggested the presence of a moat. A dozen tombs were found within the city.

See also

References

  1. ^ 日本の古墳壁画に影響を与えた！？北朝鮮初の世界遺産「高句麗古墳群」. KoreaWorldTimes (in Japanese). 2020-08-27. Archived from the original on 2021-01-29. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  2. ^ "Koguryo". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on October 27, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
  3. ^ Barnes, Gina (2013). State Formation in Korea: Emerging Elites.
  4. ^ Byington, Mark (2016). The History and Archaeology of the Koguryo Kingdom.
  5. ^ Li, Narangoa; Cribb, Robert (2014). Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia.
  6. ^ Gardiner, Kenneth (1964). The origin and rise of the Korean kingdom of Koguryo, from the 1st century to A.D. 313 (PhD). University of London.
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