en Gnistan (Minneapolis)

Gnistan (The Spark) was a Swedish-language radical, Socialist-Unitarian newspaper published from Minneapolis, United States in 1891 and 1892.^[1]^[2] Gnistan was edited by Rev. Axel Lundberg, founder of the first Swedish Unitarian congregation in Minneapolis and a former associate of August Palm (founder of the socialist movement in Sweden).^[1] Gnistan was supported by 'Gnistan' clubs in Minneapolis and Moline, Illinois. It became a weekly newspaper in December 1891. After it suspended publication in 1892, its subscribers received Facklan (edited by Theodor A. Hessell) instead.^[3] Gnistan was later revived in Chicago in 1896.^[2] The newspaper was later renamed as Vesterlandet (The Western Country).^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b Barton, H. Arnold (1979). Clipper Ship and Covered Wagon: Essays from the Swedish Pioneer Historical Quarterly. New York: Arno P. p. 352.
^ ^a ^b Ander, O. Fritiof (1979). The Cultural Heritage of the Swedish Immigrant: Selected References. New York: Arno P. p. 159.
^ Hoerder, Dirk; Harzig, Christiane (1987). The Immigrant Labor Press in North America, 1840s-1970s: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press. p. 157.
^ Strand, Algot (1910). A History of the Swedish-Americans in Minnesota. Lewis Publishing. p. 301. gnistan newspaper.

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[a-1] Barton, H. Arnold (1979). Clipper Ship and Covered Wagon: Essays from the Swedish Pioneer Historical Quarterly. New York: Arno P. p. 352.

[b-2] Ander, O. Fritiof (1979). The Cultural Heritage of the Swedish Immigrant: Selected References. New York: Arno P. p. 159.

[c-3] Hoerder, Dirk; Harzig, Christiane (1987). The Immigrant Labor Press in North America, 1840s-1970s: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press. p. 157.

[4] Strand, Algot (1910). A History of the Swedish-Americans in Minnesota. Lewis Publishing. p. 301. gnistan newspaper.

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