Badiou was born in Vitry-sur-Seine, Val-de-Marne.[2] He took up shooting relatively late, at the age of 14, after talking about the sport with a school friend who was a pistol shooter.[3]
After retiring from competition, Badiou was a coach for the French Shooting Federation for eight years.[4] In 2005 he started working for the French biathlon team, preparing the squad's rifles.[1] In 2016, he was appointed as the men's team's shooting coach.[5] Badiou stepped down from the role in 2018, being succeeded by Patrick Favre.[6]