Fadl ibn Muhammad

Fadl ibn Muhammad
Coinage of Fadl b. Muhammad Shaddadi, Janza (985-1031 CE).[1]
Reign	985–1031
Predecessor	Marzuban ibn Muhammad
Successor	Abu'l-Fath Musa
Died	1031
House	Shaddadids

Al-Fadhl ibn Muhammad al-Shaddadi (also al-Fadl ibn Muhammad, Fadl ibn Muhammad, Fadlun ibn Muhammad, Fadhlun ibn Muhammad, or Fadl I was the Shaddadid emir of Arran from 985 to 1031. Of Kurdish origin, al-Fadhl was called "Fadhlun the Kurd" by ibn al-Athir and other Arabic historians. Al-Fadhl was the first Shaddadid emir to issue coinage, locating his mint first at Partav (Barda'a) and was later transferred to Ganja.[2]

Al-Fadhl built a bridge across the Araxes with the intent to raid the Rawadids, and led an expedition against the Khazars around 1030.[3] The Khazars reportedly killed 10,000 of his soldiers. Since the Khazar Khaganate had been destroyed in 969, it is unclear whether these Khazars were from a successor state or kingdom located in the Caucasus, were subjects of a Kipchak or Pecheneg ruler, or whether ibn al-Athir was mistaken or was using "Khazars" as a generic term for steppe people.

In 993, the army of Fadl I captured Barda and Beylagan.[4] During his reign, there were clashes with the Georgian kings, the Byzantines (1037-1038), the Alans and the Rus.[5] Friendly relations were maintained with the Rawadids, the Shirvanshahs, and the Emirate of Tbilisi.[6]

According to Ibn al-Athir, Fadl I launched a campaign against the Khazars in 1030.[7]

Al-Fadhl died in 1031 and was succeeded by his son Abu'l-Fath Musa.

References

1. "Copper alloy fals of Fadl b. Muhammad Shaddadi, Janza, xxx H. 0000.999.7486". numismatics.org. American Numismatic Society.
2. "Shaddadids". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
3. C.E. Bosworth, "Shaddadids", The Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol.IX, Ed. C.E.Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P.Heinrichs and G.Lecomte, (Brill, 1997), 169.
4. "Welcome to Heydar Aliyevs Heritage Research Center". lib.aliyev-heritage.org. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
5. "Ganja". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
6. "ИСТОРИЯ ШИРВАНА И ДЕРБЕНДА->ВВЕДЕНИЕ". www.vostlit.info. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
7. "Государство Шеддадидов - Азербайджан". www.azerbaijans.com. Retrieved 2021-04-10.

Sources

• C.E Bosworth. "Arran". Encyclopaedia Iranica
• Douglas M. Dunlop. The History of the Jewish Khazars, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954.
• Minorsky, Vladimir (1977) [1953]. Studies in Caucasian History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-05735-3.
• Peacock, Andrew (2011). "SHADDADIDS". Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition.

Preceded by Marzuban

Shaddadid emir of Ganja 985–1031

Succeeded by Abu'l-Fath Musa