Eugenie Goldstern

Eugenie Goldstern
Photograph of Eugenie Goldstern
Born(1884-05-01)1 May 1884
Odessa, Russian Empire
Died14 June 1942(1942-06-14) (aged 58)
Sobibór extermination camp, Poland
NationalityAustrian
OccupationEthnographer

Eugenie Goldstern (1884–1942) was an Austrian anthropologist who conducted research on Alpine folk culture in Switzerland.

Biography

Eugenie Goldstern was born in Odessa in 1884 to Jewish parents, the youngest of 14 children.[1] In 1905, she relocated to Austria and, five years later, began to study anthropology at the University of Vienna. There, she studied under Michael Haberlandt, at the time a leading figure in the study and collection of folk art. Haberlandt and his son, Arthur Haberlandt, would go on to become supporters of the Third Reich and sever their ties with Jewish colleagues.[2]

Goldstern's research interests centered on the culture of the Western Alps. Focusing on the commune of Bessans, Goldstern created one of the first-ever ethnographic monographs about a community, writing about life and economy in a European mountain village.[3] Her research began in 1912, and she spent the winter of 1913-1914 living in the community.[4] While in Switzerland, she was supported by the ethnographer Arnold van Gennep. Her investigations markedly departed from typical scholarly opinion at the time, the latter portraying the culture of the Alps as idealized and unchanging.[5][6] Of particular focus in her studies were small, handmade toy objects. Her first and last articles published in the Viennese journal of ethnography Wiener Zeitschrift für Volkskunde focused on toys.[7] She donated many items she collected in the course of her work to the Museum of Ethnology, Vienna.[4]

The outbreak of World War I disrupted Goldstern's research.[1] After continuing her studies at the University of Neuchatel, she completed her PhD at the University of Fribourg in 1920, under the direction of professor Paul Girardin.

As a woman in a male-dominated field and in the increasingly antisemitic climate of Austria, Goldstern struggled to find a permanent position in her field.[1] By the end of the 1920s, Goldstern stopped publishing and withdrew from her field research. In 1937, Goldstern's work, along with that of von Gennep, was featured in a display about Savoie at the Exposition Internationale in Paris.[8] However, with the takeover of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938, Jewish people were officially excluded from public life and subjected to antisemitic racial laws. Many of her family members fled Vienna, but Goldstern remained in the city. On 14 June 1942 Goldstern was deported to the Sobibór extermination camp in Poland, where she was killed.[3]

Posthumous exhibitions

In 2004–2005, the Vienna Museum of Ethnology displayed Goldstern's collection of Swiss folk art objects in an exhibition titled "Ur-Ethnographie."[9] The Musée dauphinois and the Musée savoisien held an exhibition about her and her work in 2007.[10]

Publications

  • Alpine Spielzeugtiere. Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung des primitiven Spielzeuges, in: Wiener Zeitschrift für Volkskunde, 29. Jg., Heft 3–4, Wien 1924
  • Beiträge zur Volkskunde des Lammertales mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Abtenau (Tännengau), in: Zeitschrift für österreichische Volkskunde, Wien 1918
  • Bessans, Vie d'un village de haute Maurienne, Traduction Francis Tracq et Melle Schaeffer, Challes-les-Eaux 1987
  • Eine volkskundliche Erkundungsreise im Aostatale (Piemont). (Vorläufige Mitteilung), in: Wiener Zeitschrift für Volkskunde, 28. Jg., Heft 1, Wien 1923
  • Hochgebirgsvolk in Savoyen und Graubünden. Ein Beitrag zur romanischen Volkskunde. I. Bessans, Volkskundliche monographische Studie über eine savoyische Hochgebirgsgemeinde (Frankreich). II. Beiträge zur Volkskunde des bündnerischen Münstertales (Schweiz), Wien 1922
  • 'Eugénie Goldstern (1884-1942), Ethnologue de l'arc alpin: Oeuvres complètes', (Trans: Gansel, Mireille) 2008 (ISBN 9782355670053)

Further reading

  • Albert Ottenbacher, Eugenie Goldstern. Eine Biographie, Wien 1999 (in German)
  • Eugénie Goldstern (1884-1942): être ethnologue et juive dans l'Europe alpine des deux guerres : [exposition, Musée savoisien, 31 mai-5 novembre 2007, Musée dauphinois, Grenoble, 23 novembre 2007-30 juin 2008] (in French)
  • Isac Chiva, Laboratoire d'anthropologie sociale, L'affaire Eugénie Goldstern, L'histoire d'une non-histoire, École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, Décembre 2002 (in French)

References

  1. ^ a b c Nöbauer, Herta (2008). "Racialised Gender, Gendered Race and Gendered-Racialised Academia: Female-Jewish Anthropologists in Vienna". In Hertzog, Esther (ed.). Life, Death and Sacrifice. Women and Family in the Holocaust. Gefen Publishing House. pp. 129–159. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  2. ^ Dow, James R. (2017). The Study of European Ethnology in Austria. Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1351881456.
  3. ^ a b Ottenbacher, Albert. "Biographien - Eugenie Goldstern (1884 - 1942)". Documentation Center of Austrian Resistance (DÖW). Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  4. ^ a b Hochadel, Oliver (2004). "The Elementary in Culture". Jewish News From Austria. Die Presse. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  5. ^ Engel, Karen (Winter 2013–2014). "Should a Jewish Girl Wear a Dirndl? (And Other Questions About Jews And Tracht)". Lilith Magazine. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  6. ^ Paver, Chloe (2018). Exhibiting the Nazi past: museum objects between the material and the immaterial. Springer. ISBN 978-3319770840.
  7. ^ Le Bouar, Françoise (2015). "Collecter ou collectionner des jouets par de sombres temps : Eugénie Goldstern et Walter Benjamin". Strenæ. 8. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  8. ^ Luquet, Jean (2012). "L'action culturelle est-elle l'avenir des archives ?". La Gazette des Archives. 226 (2): 278. doi:10.3406/gazar.2012.4921. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  9. ^ "UR-ETHNOGRAPHIE Auf der Suche nach dem Elementaren in der Kultur". Volkskundemuseum Wien. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  10. ^ "Eugénie Goldstern". Le Journal des Expositions. 12. Musée dauphinois. November 2007.