Eriptychiida

Eriptychiida Temporal range: Late Ordovician, 450 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Specimen of Eriptychius americanus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Infraphylum:	Agnatha
Class:	†Pteraspidomorphi
Subclass:	†Heterostracomorphi
Infraclass:	†Eriptychiida Tarlo 1962
Order:	†Eriptychiiformes Ørvig 1958[1]
Families
Eriptychiidae Oniscolepididae

Eriptychiida is an extinct marine taxon of vertebrate in the group Pteraspidomorphi.

The order contains the genus, Eriptychius, and fossilized specimens from this genus have been found in the Gull River Formation of Ontario, the Harding Formation of Colorado, and the Bighorn Dolomite of Wyoming. The group contains two documented species: Eriptychius americanus and Eriptychius orvigi.

Characteristics

The structure of the dentine of eriptychiids is in many respects closer to that of heterostracans that to that of astraspids. This is the only argument to place them, as the closest relatives to heterostracans, among the Ordovician vertebrates. A 450 million years old fossil of eriptychius shows it had a skull consisting of separate cartilage plates, with the frontal plates being mineralized, and that a thin body armor covered the head. It appears to be the first step towards a more solid braincase in vertebrates.[2]

Taxonomy

• Order †Eriptychiiformes Ørvig 1958[3][4][5]
  • Genus ?†Eleochera Sansom & Smith 2005
  • Family †Eriptychiidae Tarlo 1962
    • Genus †Eriptychius Walcott 1892
  • Family †Oniscolepididae Märss & Karatajūtė-Talimaa 2009
    • Genus †Kallostrakon Lankester 1870
    • Genus †Oniscolepis Pander 1856 non Groß 1961 [Strosipherus Pander 1856]

In study at 2023, Eriptychius is placed just under Vertebrata, not considering class or order.[6]

See also

• Fish

References

1. Ørvig, T. 1958. Pycnaspis splendens, new genus, new species, a new ostracoderm from the Upper Ordovician of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 108(3391): 1-23. DOI: 10.5479/si.00963801.108-3391.1
2. Ancient fish reveals how vertebrates put their heads together
3. Haaramo, Mikko (2003). "Pteraspidomorphi". in Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. After Carroll, 1988, and Janvier, 1997. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
4. Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118342336.
5. van der Laan, Richard (2018). "Family-group names of fossil fishes" (PDF). European Journal of Taxonomy (466): 1–167. doi:10.5852/ejt.2018.466.
6. Dearden, Richard P.; Lanzetti, Agnese; Giles, Sam; Johanson, Zerina; Jones, Andy S.; Lautenschlager, Stephan; Randle, Emma; Sansom, Ivan J. (2023-09-20). "The oldest three-dimensionally preserved vertebrate neurocranium". Nature. 621 (7980): 782–787. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06538-y. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 10533405. PMID 37730987.

External links

• Eriptychiida