Epratuzumab

Epratuzumab
Monoclonal antibody
TypeWhole antibody
SourceHumanized (from mouse)
TargetCD22
Clinical data
Trade namesLymphoCide
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
  • Investigational
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem SID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
  • none
UNII
KEGG
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Epratuzumab (planned trade name LymphoCide) is a humanized monoclonal antibody. Potential uses may be found in oncology and in treatment of inflammatory autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).[1][2]

Clinical trials

A clinical trial for relapsed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has reported initial results.[3]

Results have been published for a phase II trial in untreated follicular lymphoma.[3]

Early results from a phase II trial for Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were encouraging.[3][4]

The manufacturers in August 2009 announced success in early trials against SLE,[5] and started two Phase III clinical trials.
July 2015 : Both phase III trials (EMBODY1/2) for SLE failed to meet their primary endpoint.[6]

Mechanism of action

Epratuzumab binds to the glycoprotein CD22 of mature and malignant B-cells.

Elevated CD22 and other B-cell receptor (BCR) proteins are associated with SLE. "Epratuzumab's mechanism of action transfers these BCR proteins to helper cells called effector cells which reduces B-cell destruction and epratuzumab's impact on the body's immune system"[6] via a process called trogocytosis.[3] Other SLE therapies destroy B-cells which compromises the immune system.

References

  1. ^ Carnahan J, Wang P, Kendall R, Chen C, Hu S, Boone T, et al. (September 2003). "Epratuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD22: characterization of in vitro properties". Clinical Cancer Research. 9 (10 Pt 2): 3982S–90S. PMID 14506197.
  2. ^ Lindén O, Hindorf C, Cavallin-Ståhl E, Wegener WA, Goldenberg DM, Horne H, et al. (July 2005). "Dose-fractionated radioimmunotherapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using DOTA-conjugated, 90Y-radiolabeled, humanized anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody, epratuzumab". Clinical Cancer Research. 11 (14): 5215–22. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0172. PMID 16033839.
  3. ^ a b c d "Epratuzumab". Archived from the original on 2015-08-15. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
  4. ^ Micallef IN, Maurer MJ, Wiseman GA, Nikcevich DA, Kurtin PJ, Cannon MW, et al. (October 2011). "Epratuzumab with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma". Blood. 118 (15): 4053–61. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-02-336990. PMC 3204728. PMID 21673350.
  5. ^ "UCB and Immunomedics Announce Positive Results for Epratuzumab Phase IIb Study in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2009-10-13.
  6. ^ a b "Epratuzumab flunks two Phase 3 studies; Immunomedics plummets 42% premarket". Seeking Alpha. 28 July 2015.
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