The name of the village comes from the ChukchiI'nnurmin, meaning "a place behind the hills",[9][11] as the village is located in a valley surrounded by hills.[12] Nearby discoveries have revealed the site of an older village where the ancestors of those who live in Enurmino used to live,[11] with the site of the village itself sitting on top of an ancient Chukchi settlement.[13] Nearby the village is the abandoned settlement of Chegitun (Russian: Чегитун), occupied from about 500 AD to the twentieth century,[13] until the village was closed and the population transferred to Inchoun.[14]
Soviet Period
In 1926, the village had a population of 103,[10] which grew to 275 by 1943,[10] consisting of 259 Chukchi, 1 Yupik and 15 visitors.[10] During the Soviet period, the people of Enurmino, in collaboration with the people of Neshkan further down the northern Chukotka coast, formed the Sovkhoz50th Anniversary of the Great October (Russian: 50-летия Великого Октября).[10] In addition to the Sovkhoz, there was also a polar station in the village called Netten, (Russian: Нэттэн).[10] The staff at this polar station used to play chess games over the radio with scientists at polar stations in the Antarctic.[10]
Demographics
In 1926-27, Enurmino consisted of 19 households containing 103 Chukchi.[15] This had risen to 275 people by 1943, including 259 Chukchi, 15 Yupik and one person classified as a "visitor" upon whose nationality the source does not elaborate,[15] though these figures are combined totals for both Enurmino and the, now abandoned, nearby village of Pouten.[15] The population had increased further to 290 by 1989, of whom 260 were Chukchi and the remaining 30 classified again as "visitors"[15] and again, as of March 2003, to 297, of which 296 were indigenous peoples.[12] The reported population as at the start of 2009 showed yet another increase to 311 people,[15] but had fallen back to 301 (2010 Census);[2][3] for last official census, of whom 139 were male and 162 female.[2]
Culture
In 2008, a documentary was made on the lives of the inhabitants of Enurmino by Anadyr-born director, Alexey Vakhrushev, entitled Welcome to Enurmino!, which shows the villagers trying to preserve their traditional ways of life while making the most of the limited modern amenities available to them.[16]
Economy
The main activities of the villagers are Marine mammal harvest, hunting and fishing[12] and 7-8% of the population are actively involved in hunting.[15]
The village has a food store, an elementary school, a daycare center and a post-office.[12]
Transport
Enurmino is not connected to any other part of the world by permanent road and is 200 miles away from the district centre Lavrentiya.[15] The only ways to travel the village are by sea, helicopter or winter road.[15] There is, however, a very small network of roads within the village including:[17]
Улица Советская (Ulitsa Sovetskaya, lit. Soviet Street)
Улица Южная (Ulitsa Yuzhnaya, lit. South Street)
Climate
Enurmino has a Tundra climate (ET)[18] because the warmest month has an average temperature between 0 °C (32 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F).
^ abcThe results of the 2010 Census are given for Enurmino Rural Settlement, a municipal formation of Chukotsky Municipal District. According to Law #148-OZ, Enurmino is the only inhabited locality on the territory of Enurmino Rural Settlement.
^ abV.V. Leontev and K.A. Novikova, Топонимический словарь северо-востока СССР (Toponymic Dictionary of the Northeastern USSR) (1989) Magadan. p.329
^ abcdefghInformation on EnurminoArchived 2014-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, Electoral Commission of the Chukotka Autonomous District (Избирательная комиссия Чукотского автономного округа). Retrieved 12 April 2012. (in Russian)
Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №33-ОЗ от 30 июня 1998 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Закона №55-ОЗ от 9 июня 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Чукотского автономного округа "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа"». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня его официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №7 (28), 14 мая 1999 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #33-OZ of June 30, 1998 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #55-OZ of June 9, 2012 On Amending the Law of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug". Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication.). (in Russian)
