Endiandra compressa

Endiandra compressa
Foliage
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Endiandra
Species:
E. compressa
Binomial name
Endiandra compressa
X-ray of leaf

Endiandra compressa, commonly known as whitebark or greenheart, is a rainforest tree in the Lauraceae family endemic to eastern Australia. It was first described in 1919 and has been given the conservation status of least concern.

Description

Endiandra compressa is a tree reaching 20 m (66 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of 75 cm (30 in). Buttress roots are often present, particularly on larger trees. The bark is pale or light grey. The leaves are simple (i.e. undivided) and are arranged alternately on the twigs; they are glossy green and measure up to 25 cm (9.8 in) long and 9 cm (3.5 in) wide, with 10–12 pairs of lateral veins either side of the midrib. Fragrant, creamy yellow flowers are borne on short panicles in the leaf axils, and they are very small—the tepals are about 2 mm (0.1 in) wide and long.[4][5][6]

The fruit is a drupe up to 7 cm (2.8 in) long and 4 cm (1.6 in) wide, black or bluish black in colour. It is mostly round, but laterally flattened (or compressed), hence the species name compressa, and it contains a single large seed about 5 cm (2.0 in) long by 3 cm (1.2 in) wide.[4][5][6]

Phenology

Flowering occurs in the months of November to December, and fruit are seen from March to November.[4]

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1919 by the Australian botanist Cyril Tenison White, based on material collected near Imbil in southeastern Queensand by F.H. Weatherhead. It was published in the Queensland government's then-named Department of Agriculture and Stock's Botany Bulletin under the title Contributions to the Queensland flora.[7]

Distribution and habitat

The natural distribution is from the Nambucca River in northeast New South Wales to Kutini-Payamu National Park, in Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. It grows in well developed rainforest on a variety of soil types, at altitudes from sea level to 450 m (1,480 ft) altitude.[4][5]

Conservation

As of November 2024, this species has been assessed to be of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and by the Queensland Government under its Nature Conservation Act.[1][8]

Ecology

The butterfly, Chaetocneme porphyropis feeds on the leaves of this tree.[9]

Wikispecies has information related to Endiandra compressa.
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References

  1. ^ a b IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group & Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). (2019). "Endiandra compressa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T158691226A158691228. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T158691226A158691228.en. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  2. ^ "Endiandra compressa". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  3. ^ "Endiandra compressa C.T.White". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d Le Cussan, J.; Hyland, B.P.M. (2022). Kodela, P.G. (ed.). "Endiandra compressa". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  5. ^ a b c F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Endiandra compressa". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  6. ^ a b Harden, G. (1990). "PlantNET - FloraOnline". PlantNET (The NSW Plant Information Network System). Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  7. ^ White, C.T. (1919). Contributions to the Queensland Flora. Brisbane: Anthony James Cumming. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
  8. ^ "Species profile—Endiandra compressa". Queensland Department of Environment and Science. Queensland Government. 2024. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  9. ^ "Chaetocneme porphyropis". Coffs Harbour Butterfly House. Retrieved 5 November 2024.